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Full Project – ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION ON THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The issue of poor academic performance in Nigeria has been of much concern to all and sundry. The problem is much that it has led to the widely acclaimed fallen standard of education in Edo state and Nigeria at large. Student‟s academic performance is an objective score of attainment after specified instructional program. Academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teacher. Tuckman (as cited in Saba & Tarang, 2012), defined performance as the apparent demonstration of understanding, concepts, skills, ideas and knowledge of a person and proposed that grades clearly depict the performance of a student. Hence, their academic performance must be managed efficiently keeping in view all the factors that can positively or negatively affect their academic performance. The performance of students in any academic task has always been of special interest to educators, parents and the society at large.

The primary concern of any educator who is entrusted with the responsibility of selecting students for any advance training programme in a given field is the ability to estimate as accurately and as early as possible the probability that such candidates will succeed or fail. The major obstacle to the development of education in Edo State is persistent poor academic performance of students in Senior School Certificate Examination, National Examinations Council and Joint Admission and Matriculation Board. Use of technology such as internet is one of the most important factors that can influence academic performance of students positively or adversely. Shah (2001) proposed that student users are affected by the internet and this impact is determined by the type of internet usage. They are positively affected by the informative use of internet while having drastic impact of recreational use of internet on them. Social media is advantageous to both students and teachers if used as a tool of knowledge creation and dissemination.

The increased use of Social media has become an international phenomenon in the past several years. What started out as a hobby for some computer literate people has become a social norm and way of life for people from all over the world (Boyd, 2007) Social media among University Students has become more and more popular over the years because it is away to make connections between friends within and outside the school. Due to this popularity, people begin to ask questions whether the performance of students are being influenced by how much time students spent on various sites of social media (Stollak, Vandenberg, Burklund, & Weiss,2011).

Preoccupation with internet usage, repetitive thoughts about limiting or controlling the use, failure to prevent the desire for access, continuation of using the internet though functionality is being ruined at various levels, spending more and more time on the internet, craving for using the internet when access is not available are the remarkable problems with internet addiction (Adedeji, 2011). It is against this background that the researcher wants to find out the attitude and perception on the effects of social media on academic performance among University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

It was not easy getting information except through newspapers, staying close to Television set or radio, but now internet connectivity has changed everything and social media has made it more flexible. Social networks are not designed for negative impact, but the way University Students are using Facebook, WhatsApp and other sites these students are now not only staying connected with their peers but are also becoming more adept at keeping up with world events and helping to influence themselves either positively or negatively. With so many social media sites on the internet, students are tempted to abandon their homework and reading times in preference for chatting on social media with friends.

Even in classrooms, some students are always busy pinging, 2go or Facebooking, while teaching is going on. Times that ought to be channeled towards learning, have been wasted by the students as a passion for meeting new friends ‘online and most times busy discussing trivial issues. For example an average Nigerian student can spend about 6-7hours on the internet daily, some do all night browsing leaving them with little or no time to read/study their books or make research.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The study has the following objectives:

To investigate the influence of Facebook usage on academic performance of University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.
To find out the influence of WhatsApp usage on academic performance of University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.
To determine the differential influence of Facebook usage on academic performance of male and female University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.
To find out the differential influence of WhatsApp usage on academic performance of male and female University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.

1.4 Research Questions

The following questions were answered:

What is the influence of Facebook usage on academic performance of University Students in Edo State, Nigeria?
What is the influence of WhatsApp usage on academic performance of University Students in Edo State, Nigeria?
What is the differential influence of Facebook usage on academic performance of male and female University Students in Edo State, Nigeria?
What is the differential influence of WhatsApp usage on academic performance of male and female University Students in Edo State, Nigeria?

1.5 Hypotheses;

The following hypotheses guided the study

There is no significant influence of Facebook usage on academic performance of University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.
There is no significant influence of WhatsApp usage on academic performance of University Students in Edo State, Nigeria
There is no significant differential influence of Facebook usage on academic performance of male and female University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.
There is no significant differential influence of WhatsApp usage on academic performance of male and female University Students in Edo State, Nigeria.

1.6 Basic Assumptions

For the purpose of this study, the following assumptions are made:

It is assumed that Facebook usage may influence the academic performance of University Students of Edo State, Nigeria.
It is assumed that WhatsApp usage may influence the academic performance of University Students of Edo State, Nigeria.
There may be differential influence of Facebook usage on the academic performance of male and female University Students of Edo State, Nigeria.
There may be differential influence of WhatsApp usage on the academic performance of male and female University Students of Edo State, Nigeria.

1.7 Significance of the study

It is hoped that the findings from this study will be beneficial to the following: students, teachers, counsellors, Parents, nurses and the ministry of education educational planners and Implementers. All academic activities and programmes are designed for the benefit of the students, from the findings of this study; it is hope that the students will realize the advantages and disadvantages of the use of social media and specifically how the use could influence their academic performance. University Students will learn to use social media sites especially Facebook and WhatsApp in promoting their academic performance. It is also hoped that the findings of this study would create more awareness to students on how to strictly use the social media for academic only.

The findings are also hoped to benefit teachers with more information and ideas on how to identify students who are becoming weak academically as a result of either spending much of their time on social media or something else at the detriment of their studies and advise them appropriately on effective study procedure. These ideas would also assist teachers to promote the use of social media in the school by engaging them on academic activities that have to do with social media through posting assignments, instructions, class notes, that may encourage students to use social media more for academic purposes.

1.8 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study was carried out to find out the influence of social media Facebook and WhatsApp usage on academic performance of University Students in Edo State, The researcher was limited to academic performance of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State.

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