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Full Project – Design and implementation of hospital management system

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CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Management has been defined as the process, comprised of social and technical functions and activities, occurring within organizations for the purpose of accomplishing predetermined objectives through humans and other resources (Longest, Rakich & Darr, 2000). Healthcare quality and patient safety are the common mantra of all primary and secondary health care providers. In hospitals, over the years, a variety of models and schemes for hospital interventions and development have been deployed (Friesner, 2009). Hospital Management System provides the benefits of streamlined operations, enhanced administration & control, superior patient care, strict cost control and improved profitability.

Hospital is an organization that mobilizes the skills and efforts of a widely divergent group of professionals, semi-professionals, professional’s personnel, to provide highly personalized personnel services to patients (A.K Malhotr, 2009). World Health Organization (WHO) has defined hospital as an integral part of social and medical organization that provides the complete curative and preventive health care and treatment to people. Hospitals are the focal points of education for the health professionals and clinical research necessary for advancement of medicine. Thus, the hospital is one of the most complexes of all administrative organizations. The main purpose of the hospital is to provide adequate care and treatment to the people. Various operational works that are done in a hospital include: recording information about the Patients, generating bill, recording information related to diagnosis given to Patients, keeping record of the Immunization provided to patient, Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available to cure them etc (Namita Khandelwal, 2010). All these works are done in most hospitals on papers.

The need for proper management of the health sector leads to the creation of an electronic means of keeping records, administering discharge, querying of data, prescription helper and also good accountability. Information technology in general enables intra organizational networking that facilitates effective information flow within the various units of a firm (Ayodele, 2011). The application of information technology in health care is unceasingly evolving as the quality of patient care in contemporary times seems to depend on the timely acquisition and processing of clinical information related to the patient.

The hospital management system (HMS) comprises a computerized web based application for record keeping, tracking and prescriptions with monitoring. HMS can manage multiple users of the system and can have the track of the right assigned to them. It makes sure that all the users function with the system as per the rights assigned to them and they can get their work done in efficient manner. A good management system should allow for input and output by providing an objective for recording and aggregation information. It should be able to quickly collect and edit data, summarize results, and adjust as well as correct errors promptly (Waban Charles, 2007). This paper provides solution to the existing problems of the hospital. The design improves the accuracy of medical records and efficient retrieval and usage of medical records.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Lack of Immediate Retrieval: The information is very difficult to retrieve and to find particular information e.g. To find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through various registers. This results in inconvenience and waste of time.

Lack of Immediate Information Storage: The information generated by various transactions takes time and efforts to store them.

Error Prone Manual Calculation: Manual calculations are error prone and takes a lot of time, this may result in incorrect information. For example, calculation of patient’s bill based on various treatments.

1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY

The hospital management system offers useful dashboards and reports through which caregivers and doctors can have quick and simple access to the test results and record of the patients. It increases the competency of hospitals legitimately and also helps to improve hospital quality.

1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study is to develop a computerized hospital management system. The following are the objectives of the study.

To provide an easy and efficient way of collecting, storing and manipulating data.
Facilitate increase in productivity, decrease paperwork, and ability to analyze trouble spot.
To maintain security and secrecy of the hospital details.
To provide accurate data when it is required.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study covers the development of computerized hospital management system solution for Health Centre, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. It covers only the activities of computerized hospital management.

1.6 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the objectives of this study, a thorough survey of literature will be done to facilitate the understanding of online hospital management system. Facts will be gathered from textbooks, library and different websites on the internet. This gives an in-depth understanding on the application to be developed and also inform us on how to conduct the system investigation. All necessary information however will be effectively and properly documented. The documented information hence will be analyzed and the information from the analysis will be used for the proposed system design. The proposed system will also be developed component by component as this will help in the modification of any part of the designed system using PHP, HTML, JAVASCRIPT and JQUERY.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Geriatrics: Is a specialty that focuses on the health care of elderly people. It aims to promote health by preventing and treating diseases and disabilities in older adult.

Outpatients: A person who receives medical treatment without being admitted to a hospital.

Immunization: A process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.

Vaccine: Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infections or diseases.

Collation: Collection and ordering of materials, usually paper. It can be a tedious and repetitive work.

Disensary: A room where medicines are prepared and provided.

Pathology Labs: This is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of diseases based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urines.

Modular: Each set of standardized parts or independent unit that can be used to construct a more complex structure.

Affiliation: To bring into close association or connection.

Bioassay Laboraties: Measurement of the concentration or potency of a substance by its effect on living cells or tissue.

Neurology: The branch of medicine or biology that deals with the anatomy, functions, and organic disorder of nerves and the nervous system.

Obstetrics and Gynecology: OB is short for obstetrics or for an obstetrician, a physician who delivers babies. GYN is short for gynecology or for a gynecologist, a physician who specializes in treating diseases of the female reproductive organs.

Oncology: The study and treatment of tumors.

Orthopedic: The branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.

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