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Full Project – Design and implementation of a real-time electronic consultation and medical subscription system

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CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

The real-time electronic consultation and medical subscription system is an end user support and online consultation project. Real-time e-health is a system that connects patients to available doctors for online consultation and also allows doctors to email subscriptions in printable format.

Now more than ever, people have become more health conscious and are taking necessary steps to ensure that they have a sound body and mind — that is why every day, every time many people come to clinics or health facility for checkups and for their health condition and treatments. And we all know that as the number of patients continually increase managing a clinic can also become increasingly difficult especially if everything is done manually, the solution of these difficulties is the introduction of an online health system. In today’s world there is no more space for paperwork with world countries trying to move completely to the digital systems where they can share information and patient’s data online, more easily and more effectively, among physicians and medical institutions, as well as recording and updating every patient’s health history, reports, analyses and rays. With the fast-paced development of information and communication technology, world countries are in race to apply digital health systems which promise better and improved healthcare services for individuals and communities the development in digital electronics in the last few decades have helped to develop hardware and software that can be used to improve health service.

In today’s modem age where cloud network has become a way of life, it is evident that majority of the developing country’s institutions still do not adapt the high technology. Particularly in most medical clinic facilities, daily health care transactions are still done on paper.

Nigeria lacks robust health care infrastructures and policies for implementation of information and communications technology. In the 2005 health data management meeting, a survey of Chief Information Officers in attendance found 74% of participants showing willingness to introduce online health systems in their respective hospital practices as a top priority.

That is why I am trying to introduce a real-time (synchronous) consultation and medical subscription system that will basically allow patients or users chat with an available doctor, telling them their problem and subscription containing prescription can also be sent to patient’s or user’s mailbox.

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The real-time electronic consultation and medical subscription is a web-based system that will give access to a synchronous means of communication between a user and a medical practitioner who is connect into a cloud network and can give the user an assistance of a medical prescription. The prescription can be sent via e-mail to the user to print. This user can also hook an appointment with the medical practitioner to be attended to as scheduled.

The main reason why this project work is carried out was when I visited the case study (St. Vincent clinic), I discovered that they do not have an official website that will help users get information about the clinic and as such prescription is made manually. This discovery was made known to me when I accompanied my uncle; who is the CEO of the clinic. At the clinic he was finding it difficult attending to patients and at the same time- answering phone calls on emergency cases. Having made research on e-Consult, I decided to embark on this project work since it will solve the existing problem lacing the clinic so as to manage all medical related issues in the clinic. I also integrated a research I made on real-time system, which will help provide a one-on-one communication response between the patient and the doctor.

Basically most health-sectors in Nigeria do not have a platform where a user can communicate to a medical doctor (at real-time) or a robot. In cases where there is an emergency, a user may not have access to a doctor within their vicinity, which may result to casualties or rather death. Consultation over the years has been done manually unlike now in some developed countries where the systems-are being used frequently. Nigeria as a country has not fully embraced the electronic method of medical related consultation. It is due to these factors that I was motivated to carry out this system so as to help minimize medical related casualties that may occur in cases like where there is no doctor.

1.1 STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEM

The problems of the existing system include;

1 St. Vincent clinic currently does not have an official website.

2 Inability of patients to communicate (chat) with a doctor at real-time.

3 Manual method of doctor’s subscription been administered to patients.

4 Manual method of booking appointment with doctor as scheduled.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study is to provide an organized and easy avenue where patients can communicate (chat) with available doctor online, get subscriptions and book for appointment as scheduled. The objectives of this study are to create a real-time electronic consultation and medical subscription software which will do the following;

To develop a responsive and interactive web-based system for St. Vincent Clinic that will check and manage all activities of the clinic so that a user or patient can gain access to the website location of the world at their own convenience. This new system will be able to secure the backend (database) of the clinic.
To create a user-friendly synchronous (real-time) system that will enable patients or users search for available doctor(s) and communicate (chat) with a specialist or doctor at real-time. The doctor to patients/user chat session is integrated into the new system to be able to enable patients/user that is not close to the clinic to chat with doctors. It also helps in cases of emergency that may occur at late night or where there is no available clinic or doctor.
To create a platform where with the new system, prescription can be prescribed and subscription sent to a user or patients via mailbox.
The software will enable patients schedule an appointment to see a doctor for cases where the doctor needs to see the patients to run some tests.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

After successfully designing and implementing this project, I should be able to develop a web-based synchronous online website that will interactively enable patients or users search for doctors or. specialists, get prescriptions based on the stored information of previous illness of other patients who visited the site and was given prescription, chat with and online doctor or specialist so as to be able to discuss their problems if critical and in cases of emergencies, get prescription after having conversation (chat) with the doctor or specialist which will be sent to the patient or user’s mailbox to be printed at their leisure.

The new system will be of benefit to the following:

Case Study Benefits: this will provide a website for the case study. It will also help reduce the risk of overcrowding the hospital which can expose critical illnesses that can be transmitted from patients to others (communicable diseases). It can also help control patients record using the database instead of the manual system of registers
Economic Benefits: After designing and implementing the new system it will be able to generate funds (money) to case study as the users or patients visit and surf through the website, and patients can also make payment for consultation and prescriptions using the credit cards which will also generate funds.
Communal Benefits: Any patient or user can gain access to the new system search for online doctors or specialists at no cost, chat with them telling them their problems and get advises from the doctors or specialists, this is done to help reduce the cases of emergencies and also help educate the community of preventive measures which will help them prevent themselves from getting infected or otherwise.

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

The scope of the study covers the following courses in computer science Which includes; web development, computer maintenance, file organization and management, computer graphics and animation, computer architecture, project management, database, system analysis and design.

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The project work is limited to a real-time electronic consultation and medical subscription for patients or users who want to chat with online doctors in cases of emergency. In the process of carrying out this research work, some factors tried to hinder a free flow of the work. These factors include;

Inadequate Time: Time factors in the sense that the- semester was short and as a result combing this work with studies was tedious.
Insufficient material and relevant information from the case studs: the process of getting standard information from staffs at St. Vincent clinic was not encouraging, as they find i difficult explaining some certain procedures which is very relevant to designing the new system.
Lack of Power Supply: A delay in fully completing a more precise project was due to lack of power supply.
Inadequate Fund: Finances were rather on the lean side and as a result it affected the carrying out the research in that monetary commitment was needed for going to the case study, photocopying document, browsing etc.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

DATABASE: A database is an organized collection of data. It is a collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects.

ELECTRONIC CONSULTATION: Electronic consultation (e-consult) is a mechanism that enables Primary Care Providers (PCPs) to obtain specialists inputs into a patient’s care treatment without requiring the patient to go to a face-to-face visit.

HTML: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications,

MEDICAL DOCTOR: A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor is a professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.

ONLINE CHAT: Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over internet that offers a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in order to enable other participants to respond quickly.

PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development hut also used as a general-purpose programming language.

REAL-TIME: Real-Time Computing (RTC) or reactive computing is a system that responds to events or signals within a predictable time after their occurrence; specifically, the response time must be within the maximum allowed, but is typically synchronous.

SQL: Structured Query Language is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS).

SUBSCRIPTION: Subscription is a drug prescription preceding the signature, comprising directions to be followed by the pharmacist in its preparation.

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