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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background to the Study

The major objective of every organisation is to increase its productivity and achieve organizational goals, and this is determined by the abilities and competences of its workforce. Human resource is the total number of all available workers in an organization. The role and importance of manpower in the long term viability of any business or enterprises cannot be overemphasized. Manpower is the basis of all resources used and it is the indispensable means of converting other resources to mankind’s use and benefits, so how well we develop and employ human resources skills is fundamental in deciding how much will be accomplished as an organization and as a nation as a whole; manpower development and utilization is of utmost importance to any sector, as it deals with how best to keep employees comfortable in their jobs, up-to-date, resourceful and versatile; this is expected to ensure optimal and continual performance of their assigned roles in an efficient and effective manner. The above is very important given the nature of human existence in the contemporary times (Ajieh, 2014).

Human resource planning is highly indispensable in the achievement of organizational objectives. Basically, manpower planning involves applying the planning process to human resources in the organization. Ojohwoh (2011) posit that manpower occupies an indispensable position in any establishment, be it an industry, commercial or educational institution. Onah (2014) says what sets most successful organization apart is how they manage human resources. The role of personnel planning is inevitable, as many organisations have come to realize that planning remains the only medium for improving productivity and ensuring work standard. Human Resource Management is an indispensable function for the both the private and public sector organizations. The process deals with several operational objectives such as recruitment, providing proper training to the employee, selection of the employee, assessment of the employee, motivating and maintaining a proper relationship with the employee and maintaining welfare and health for the employees in the organization through laws created by the concerned state and country.Human resource management works in the diverse area like conducting of jobs, planning the employee’s needs and recruitment, determination of wages and salaries, resolving the disputes and creating better working and safety environment for the employees (Bowen &Ostroff, 2004).

There is no doubt that in this advanced age of development and technological breakthrough, manpower must be properly planned to meet the challenges of modern technology. This is the essential ingredient for efficiency and effectiveness in Nigeria bottling company PLC. To validate this assertion, Bulla and Scot (1994) has shown that manpower planning entails the process for ensuring that the human resource requirements of an organization are identified and plans are made for satisfying those requirements. Schein (1997) noted that the more complex organization become, the more they will be vulnerable to human error.Jons, G. (1998) shows that organizations are social inventions created with the purpose of achieving some common goals by means of group effort. They arecharacterized by the coordinated participation of people, not necessarily of things.

There are a number of factors that contribute to the success of any organization such as capital, equipment, manpower etc. Thus, due attention should be given by such organizations in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives.In Nigeria, many organizations have been deficient in their operations and the overall effectiveness due to improper human resource planning.

1.2. Statement of the Research Problem

The importance of manpower planning has no doubt been recognized in many organisations as the key factor for improved productivity. A systematic approach to human resource planning is needed to ensure that the organization is made up of the right people, in the right place, at the right time to deliver high quality services.

In recent years, it has been noted that good number of business establishment are having poor performance as a result of lack of effective and efficient human resources.

Business is full of uncertainty and the understanding of labour contribution or human resources development is vital for management especially in the areas of boosting organizational productivity and as well its profitability. The challenges of lack of skilled labour, heavy competition among firms, technological problems, low productivity and to mention but a few leads to a high rate of poor performance and poor product implementation while placing a serious limitation on product expansion and increase in productivity.

Apart from the above, it was also observed that there is a paucity of data base needed for manpower planning, more emphasis is placed on the traditional personnel management functions like recruitments, placement, wages, administration, discipline and employee welfare at the detriment of manpower development. Moreover, workers are not deployed based on the skills acquired during the training. Some of the staff that has benefitted or sent at all for training, with all the financial resources incurred on the government name, have not been given the opportunity or placed in their rightful places according to the relevant training received. This has also been a very big problem as it leads to frustration and general inefficiency.

It is against this backdrop that the researcher considers studying effective human resource management as a key to the accomplishment of organizational goals a case study of Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant.

1.3. Objectives of the study

The general objective of the study is to evaluate effective human resource management as a key to the accomplishment of organizational goals a case study of Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant. The specific objectives are to:

examine the nature of human resource management in Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant.
examine the impact of human resource management on achieving organizational goals in Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant.
identify the challenges facing human resource management in Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant.

1.4. Research Questions

The study seeks to answer the following questions:

What is the nature of human resource management in Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant?
What is the impact of human resource management on achieving organizational goals in Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant?
What are the challenges facing human resource management in Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The study is guided by the following hypotheses:

H₀: There is no significant relationship between human resource management and achievement of organizational goals in Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plant.

1.6. Significance of the Study

Efficiency and effectiveness are the major goals of any organisation and this may not be achieved without recognizing the role of human resource management. This is because an inadequately plannedhuman resource management is completely useless to the full achievement of the organizational goals. This applies to manufacturing sector in general and Nigeria bottling company PLCin particular.

This study is essential in discovering the relevance and impact of human resource management on productivity in Nigeria bottling company PLC. This study will be important to Nigeria bottling company PLC, as it will help guide the management of Nigeria bottling company PLC on how it can operate, treat its workers, help to know the kind and level of manpower needed. It will teach it the importance of human resource management and the necessary guide of attaining manpower. It will also help the management get maximum value from the employees.

It is hoped that the exploration of Nigeria bottling company PLC will provide a broad view of the operations of the manufacturing industry to investors and government. This study will be of benefit to;

The Academia: members of the academia will find the study relevant as it will also form basis for further research and a reference tool for academic works.

Government: this study will reveal to the government happenings in the manufacturing industry. Formulation and implementation of policies based on this findings would ensure development in the industry.

Investors: investors especially those who may have research interest as it shall guide their private investment decisions.

This study at the end will enlighten the management of the company on the implication of human resource management.

1.6. Scope of the Study

The study is focused on effective human resource management as a key to the accomplishment of organizational goals a case study of Nigeria bottling company PLC, Owerri plantin 2020 using junior and senior staff workers. Owerri Plant is located in Plot 326, New Industrial Layout, Coca-Cola Bus Stop, Owerri, Imo state.

1.7. Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms have been defined operationally.

Manpower: the total number of all available workers; the workforce.
Human resource management: is the way organizations manage their staff and help them to develop in order to be able to execute organizations’ missions and goals successfully.
Human resource planning: is defined as a rational approach to effective recruitment, retention and deployment of people within an organization.

1.9 Organisation of the Study

This study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is introduction which consists of the background to the study, statement of problem, research questions, research hypotheses, objectives of the study, the significance of the study, the scope and limitations of the study and finally the organization of the study. Chapter two deals with the literature review which consists of the conceptual literature, theoretical literature, empirical literature, theoretical framework. Chapter three gives the research methodology including research design, population of study, sample size, sampling technique, method of data collection, instrument of data analysis, method of data analysis, validity/reliability of instrument. Chapter four is presentation and analysis of data, discussion of findings. Chapter five gives the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

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Full Project – Effective human resource management as a key to the accomplishment of organizational goals

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