Project – A sociological survey of male choice among productive women in the Church

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The intersection of gender, productivity, and religious affiliation has been a subject of sociological inquiry for decades. In the context of the Church, male choice among productive women is a particularly intriguing area of study. This literature review aims to explore the existing research on this topic, focusing on the sociological dynamics that influence male preferences and the implications for gender roles within religious communities.

One of the foundational theories in this area is the concept of “religious capital,” which refers to the skills, knowledge, and social connections that individuals accumulate through their participation in religious activities (Iannaccone, 1990). Studies have shown that men in religious communities often prioritize these attributes when selecting a partner, valuing women who are not only devout but also actively involved in church activities. This preference is rooted in the belief that a productive woman will contribute positively to the family’s spiritual and social standing within the community (Stark & Finke, 2000).

Another significant aspect to consider is the role of traditional gender norms within the Church. Many religious communities uphold conservative views on gender roles, which can influence male choice. Research by Gallagher (2003) indicates that men in these settings often seek women who embody traditional feminine virtues, such as nurturing and submissiveness, while also being productive in their religious duties. This dual expectation can create a complex dynamic where women are encouraged to be both active participants in the church and adherents to traditional gender roles.

The concept of “complementarianism” also plays a crucial role in understanding male choice among productive women in the Church. Complementarianism is the theological view that men and women have distinct but complementary roles and responsibilities in marriage, family life, and religious leadership (Piper & Grudem, 1991). This perspective often leads men to prefer women who are seen as suitable partners in fulfilling these complementary roles, particularly in terms of spiritual leadership and household management.

Sociological studies have also examined the impact of women’s educational and professional achievements on male choice within the Church. While higher education and career success are generally valued in broader society, they can be perceived differently in religious communities. Bartkowski and Read (2003) found that men in conservative religious settings might view highly educated and professionally successful women as less desirable partners, fearing that such women may challenge traditional gender roles and the male’s authority within the family.

Finally, the influence of peer and community expectations cannot be overlooked. Men in religious communities often face pressure from their peers and church leaders to choose partners who align with the community’s values and expectations. This social pressure can significantly shape male preferences, leading them to prioritize women who are not only productive but also conform to the community’s ideals of femininity and piety (Wilcox, 2004).

In conclusion, the sociological survey of male choice among productive women in the Church reveals a complex interplay of religious capital, traditional gender norms, complementarianism, educational and professional achievements, and community expectations. These factors collectively shape male preferences and highlight the unique challenges and expectations faced by women in religious communities. Further research is needed to explore how these dynamics evolve over time and across different religious denominations.

• Statement of the Problem

The intersection of gender roles, productivity, and religious affiliation presents a unique context for examining male choice in partner selection. In many religious communities, including various Christian denominations, traditional gender roles often emphasize male leadership and female support roles. However, the increasing participation of women in professional and productive capacities within these communities challenges these traditional norms. This study aims to explore how these evolving roles influence male choice in selecting partners within the church context.

One of the primary issues is the potential conflict between traditional religious teachings and contemporary societal norms. Many churches advocate for a model of marriage where the man is the primary provider and the woman is the primary caregiver. However, as more women attain higher levels of education and professional success, these traditional roles are increasingly questioned. This study seeks to understand how men in the church reconcile these potentially conflicting expectations when choosing a partner.

Another significant aspect of this problem is the perception of productivity and its impact on male choice. Productivity, in this context, refers not only to professional success but also to contributions within the church and community. Men may have varying criteria for what constitutes a “productive” woman, and these criteria can be influenced by personal beliefs, cultural background, and religious teachings. This study will investigate the specific attributes that men prioritize and how these preferences align with or diverge from traditional gender roles.

The role of religious teachings and community expectations cannot be overlooked. Many churches provide explicit or implicit guidance on the qualities desirable in a spouse. These teachings can shape individual preferences and behaviors, often reinforcing traditional gender roles. This study will examine how these religious teachings influence male choice and whether there is a shift towards valuing women’s productivity in non-traditional roles.

Additionally, the social dynamics within the church community play a crucial role. Peer influence, family expectations, and the broader church culture can all impact individual choices. Men may feel pressure to conform to the expectations of their community, which can affect their partner selection process. This study will explore how these social dynamics interact with individual preferences and religious teachings to shape male choice.

Finally, this study aims to contribute to the broader understanding of gender roles and partner selection within religious communities. By focusing on the church context, it provides insights into how traditional institutions adapt to changing societal norms. The findings of this study will have implications for religious leaders, community members, and scholars interested in the intersection of gender, religion, and social change.

1.3. Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine a sociological survey of male choice among productive women in the Church. The specific objectives are:

1. To investigate the factors influencing male choice among productive women in the Church.
2. To analyze the impact of societal norms and expectations on male preferences for productive women in the Church.
3. To explore the role of religion and spirituality in shaping male attitudes towards productive women in the Church.
4. To examine the relationship between economic status and male perceptions of productivity in women within the Church.

1.4. Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What are the specific factors that influence male choice among productive women in the Church?
2. How do societal norms and expectations impact male preferences for productive women in the Church?
3. In what ways does religion and spirituality shape male attitudes towards productive women in the Church?
4. What is the relationship between economic status and male perceptions of productivity in women within the Church?

1.5. Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is buttressed below:

Ho: Societal norms and expectations will not affect male preferences for productive women in the Church.

H1: Societal norms and expectations will affect male preferences for productive women in the Church.

1.6. Significance of the Study

The significance of studying male choice among productive women in the Church lies in understanding the dynamics of gender roles within religious communities. Historically, many religious institutions have prescribed specific roles for men and women, often placing men in leadership positions while women take on supportive or nurturing roles. By examining how men in the Church choose partners who are productive, we can gain insights into whether these traditional roles are being challenged or reinforced. This can help sociologists understand the evolving nature of gender roles within religious contexts and how these changes impact the broader community.

Another important aspect of this study is its potential to shed light on the criteria that men use to define “productivity” in women within the Church. Productivity can be interpreted in various ways, such as spiritual leadership, community involvement, or professional success. By identifying the specific attributes that are valued, the study can reveal underlying cultural and social norms that influence male choice. This, in turn, can inform discussions on gender equality and the empowerment of women within religious settings.

Furthermore, this study can contribute to the broader field of sociology by providing a case study on how religious beliefs intersect with social practices. Religion often plays a significant role in shaping individuals’ values, behaviors, and life choices. By focusing on a specific aspect of life within the Church—male choice among productive women—the study can offer a nuanced understanding of how religious doctrines and community expectations influence personal decisions. This can help sociologists develop more comprehensive theories on the interplay between religion and social behavior.

The study also has practical implications for religious communities themselves. By understanding the factors that influence male choice, church leaders and members can work towards creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for women. This could involve re-evaluating traditional gender roles, promoting female leadership, and encouraging men to value diverse forms of productivity. Such efforts can lead to a more balanced and equitable community, benefiting both men and women.

Additionally, this research can inform policy-making and advocacy efforts aimed at promoting gender equality within religious institutions. By providing empirical data on the current state of male choice and female productivity in the Church, the study can serve as a foundation for initiatives that seek to address gender disparities. Policymakers and advocates can use the findings to develop targeted programs and interventions that support women’s empowerment and challenge discriminatory practices.

Finally, the study can contribute to the personal growth and development of individuals within the Church. By highlighting the diverse ways in which women can be productive and valued, the research can inspire both men and women to broaden their perspectives and embrace more inclusive attitudes. This can lead to stronger, more supportive relationships and a more vibrant and dynamic community overall. In this way, the study not only advances academic knowledge but also has the potential to create positive change within the Church and beyond.

1.7. Scope of the Study

The study examines a sociological survey of male choice among productive women in the Church. The study is limited to selected Pentecostal Churches in Lagos, Nigeria.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

Sociological Survey: A sociological survey is a research method used in sociology to collect data from a predefined group of respondents to gain information and insights into various social phenomena. This method typically involves the use of questionnaires or interviews to gather quantitative or qualitative data, which can then be analyzed to understand patterns, behaviors, attitudes, and social structures within a population.

Male Choice: Male choice refers to the preferences and decisions made by men when selecting partners or making other social decisions. In the context of sociological studies, it often examines the criteria and factors that influence men’s choices, such as cultural norms, personal values, socioeconomic status, and other social influences.

Productive Women: Productive women are those who contribute significantly to various aspects of society, including economic, social, and cultural domains. This term can encompass women who are active in the workforce, involved in community service, engaged in creative or intellectual pursuits, or otherwise making meaningful contributions to their communities and society at large.

Church: The term “Church” generally refers to a Christian place of worship and the community of believers who gather there. It can also denote the broader organizational structure of a particular Christian denomination or the collective body of Christian believers worldwide. In sociological studies, the Church is often examined as a social institution that influences and shapes the behaviors, values, and social interactions of its members.

Project – A sociological survey of male choice among productive women in the Church