Project – THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE LIFESTYLE OF NIGERIAN YOUTH

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The advent of social media has transformed communication and information dissemination globally, and Nigeria is no exception. With over 100 million active social media users as of 2022, the platforms have become integral to the daily lives of Nigerian youth. According to a report by the National Communications Commission (2022), social media serves as a primary source of information and entertainment, significantly shaping the cultural and social landscape of the nation (NCC, 2022). This shift has prompted researchers to examine the implications of social media on the lifestyle choices and behaviors of young Nigerians, particularly in terms of social interaction, identity formation, and mental health.

One prominent area of concern is the effect of social media on social interactions among Nigerian youth. A study by Eze et al. (2020) highlights that social media facilitates connections among peers, allowing for the exchange of ideas and experiences that transcend geographical boundaries. However, this virtual connectivity often comes at the expense of face-to-face interactions, potentially weakening traditional social bonds. The researchers argue that while social media can enhance communication, it may also lead to superficial relationships, as young people increasingly prioritize online interactions over meaningful, in-person engagements (Eze et al., 2020).

In terms of identity formation, social media platforms provide a space for Nigerian youth to explore and express their identities. Adebayo and Olanrewaju (2021) note that platforms like Instagram and TikTok allow young people to curate their online personas, often leading to a heightened focus on appearance and lifestyle. This trend has been linked to the emergence of ‘influencer culture,’ where the pursuit of validation through likes and followers can shape personal values and aspirations. While this can foster creativity and self-expression, it also poses risks of unrealistic expectations and a distorted sense of self-worth among impressionable youth (Adebayo & Olanrewaju, 2021).

Mental health is another critical aspect influenced by social media use among Nigerian youth. A study by Obikeze et al. (2022) found a correlation between excessive social media usage and increased levels of anxiety and depression among young users. The constant exposure to curated lifestyles and the pressure to conform to societal standards can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. The researchers emphasize the need for awareness and education on responsible social media use, advocating for mental health resources to support youth navigating these challenges (Obikeze et al., 2022).

Furthermore, the impact of social media on lifestyle choices, including fashion, food, and entertainment, is notable. According to Ibrahim and Adetayo (2023), trends disseminated through social media significantly influence consumption patterns among Nigerian youth. This influence extends to lifestyle choices, with many young people adopting trends that may not align with their cultural values or socioeconomic realities. The study suggests that while social media can democratize information access, it can also promote consumerism and materialism, leading youth to prioritize trends over traditional values and sustainable practices (Ibrahim & Adetayo, 2023).

In conclusion, the impact of social media on the lifestyle of Nigerian youth is multifaceted, encompassing social interactions, identity formation, mental health, and consumption patterns. While social media can foster connectivity and self-expression, it also presents challenges that can affect the well-being and values of young people. Future research should focus on developing strategies to maximize the positive aspects of social media while mitigating its negative effects. As Nigeria continues to embrace digital innovation, understanding these dynamics will be crucial in supporting the youth as they navigate their evolving social landscape.

The era of the teacher being a reservoir of knowledge has past. The world is moving at a jet speed as a result of advances in technology. Importantly, technology entails information and communication which may be defined as the handling and processing of information (texts, images, graphs, instruction) for use by means of electronic and communication devices such as computer, cameras, telephones (Oleabhiele, 2015).

The Internet revolution changed the information world with regard to sharing, speed, storage and retrieval of information in whatever form regardless of the person’s location. Through the Internet a number of web technologies emerged, and one technology that is making waves with regard to information sharing and communication are the social media networks. The evolution of social media has cut across all facets of society with its positive and negative impacts. Social media has transformed and impacted on communication, learning, research and education in general. Among the vast variety of online tools which are available for communication, social networking sites (SNS) have become the most modern and attractive tools for connecting people throughout the world (Aghazamani, 2010).

Davis et al (2012), refer to social media technology (SMT) as “web-based and mobile applications that allow individuals and organizations to create, engage, and share new use regenerated or existing content, in digital environments through multi-way communication”.

Through this platform, individuals and organizations create profiles, share and exchange information on various activities and interests. An interesting aspect of social media is that, it is not limited to desktop or laptop computers but could be accessed through mobile applications and smart phones making it very accessible and easy to use. Examples of these social media platforms both on the web and mobile application include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Whatsapp, Instagram, blogs etc.

Communicating through the internet and social networking websites is quite different from communicating in person-to-person situation. When users communicate through these websites, they use things like instant message (IM) and chatting as well as status or Twitter updates to talk to friends and express themselves (Kaitlin, 2010). Kaitlin (2010) further opines that social networking websites also affect the way we receive information and news. The sites open up different portals through which we get information and create more diverse news outlets.

The use of social media (like facebook, Youtube, twitter and whatsapp) by secondary school youth today is resulting to mass failure of youth in academic achievement (David, 2014). This is because youth these days spend more time chatting with their friends rather than engaging in research or reading their books. A growing number of Nigerian scholars agree that addiction to social media sites have become a distractive technology to youth’ academic work in higher education. Among the scholar is Oluwatoyin (2011) who surveyed 1,860 Facebook users from the Secondary school in Ondo State and found that 90percent of the youth could not get up to cumulative grade point average (CGPA) above 3.50 because they had spent a large part of their time on social media than on their home work and study time (which could contribute to higher grade).

Social media plays a variety of roles in education as highlighted by Al-Khalifa and Garcia (2013) which include providing a medium to share ideas and opinions as well as allowing youth to build their own communities to collaborate with each other. As stated by Ndaku (2013), youth spend a lot of time on social networking sites than in their academic activities and this affects their academic performance.

There have been a lot of debates on various platforms and media as to the impact that social media has on society and specifically, its effect on education. Some of these studies found a drop in youth’ grades and academic performance, and lack of time for studies as consequences of social media network participation (Banquil et al, 2009; Kirschner and Karpinski, 2010; Ndaku, 2013). On the other hand, Pasek et al. (2006) “stated that a site-specific culture can both positively and negatively affect the building of social capital and found that Facebook usage is not positively associated with lower grades of youth and rather Facebook users scored higher grades”. Kolek and Saunders (2008) did not find any correlation between GPAs of student users and social network participation such as Facebook. Rather social network sites (SNS) promote interactions among youth and teachers (Ahmed &Qazi, 2011). Hence, this study will investigate the impact of social media on the lifestyle of Nigerian youth in Ondo west local government in education district I of Ondo State.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The rapid proliferation of social media has fundamentally altered the landscape of communication, particularly among Nigerian youth. While social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok offer opportunities for connection and self-expression, they also present a complex array of challenges. The pervasive influence of these platforms raises critical questions about their impact on the lifestyle choices, social interactions, and overall well-being of young Nigerians. As social media becomes increasingly intertwined with daily life, understanding its implications is essential for addressing the multifaceted issues that arise.

One significant concern is the potential for social media to distort interpersonal relationships among Nigerian youth. The convenience of online communication may lead to a decline in face-to-face interactions, fostering a culture where superficial connections replace deeper, meaningful relationships. This shift can affect the quality of social support systems, which are vital for emotional and psychological well-being. Furthermore, the emphasis on online validation through likes and comments can create unrealistic expectations and pressure, leading to social anxiety and isolation among those who struggle to meet these standards.

Another critical aspect of the problem is the impact of social media on identity formation among Nigerian youth. Social media platforms often encourage users to curate idealized versions of themselves, which can result in a fragmented sense of identity. For many young Nigerians, this fragmentation can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy, especially when they compare themselves to the seemingly perfect lives of others showcased online. The pressure to conform to trends and the influencer culture can lead to a loss of individuality and a reliance on external validation, further complicating the developmental process of self-discovery and personal growth.

Mental health issues are increasingly prevalent among Nigerian youth, and there is a growing body of evidence linking these challenges to social media usage. Reports indicate that excessive engagement with social media can contribute to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Young users may experience feelings of envy and dissatisfaction as they navigate a digital landscape filled with curated content that often emphasizes materialism and perfection. This situation necessitates a thorough examination of how social media use correlates with mental health outcomes, particularly in a context where access to mental health resources may be limited.

Additionally, social media’s influence on lifestyle choices, including fashion, food, and entertainment, warrants attention. As trends propagate rapidly through these platforms, young Nigerians may adopt behaviors and consumption patterns that do not align with their cultural values or economic realities. This shift towards consumerism can lead to a detachment from traditional practices and a prioritization of transient trends over sustainable living. Understanding how social media shapes these lifestyle choices is crucial for promoting a balanced approach that respects cultural heritage while embracing modern influences.

In summary, the impact of social media on the lifestyle of Nigerian youth presents a multifaceted problem that encompasses social relationships, identity formation, mental health, and consumer behavior. As digital engagement continues to grow, it is essential to investigate these dynamics to inform interventions and support systems that can help young people navigate the complexities of social media in a way that enhances their overall well-being. Addressing these issues will require collaboration among researchers, educators, policymakers, and mental health professionals to foster a healthier relationship with social media among Nigeria’s youth.

 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted with the following objectives:

1. To examine the impact of social media on youth’s life style in Ondo State.
2. To find out the amount of time youth invest into social networking.
3. To ascertain how the use of social media is affecting the study habits of youth.
4. To identify the benefits obtained from using the social media.
   • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

HYPOTHESES ONE

Ho: There is no relationship between social media and academic performance

Hi:There is a relationship between social media and academic performance

HYPOTHESES TWO

Ho: Social media has negative effect on student’s habit

Hi: Social media has positive effect on student’s  habit

1.5        SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that the finding of this project work will not only add to the vast knowledge about the impact of social media on the youth of Secondary school in Ondo State, it’s also designed to highlight the function of the media and more importantly how social media has impacted the generality of youth. It will also be useful to educators, parents and even the youth inmonitoring the use of social media by youth and taking necessary measures to curtail wrong usage.

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is primary concerned with the impact of social media on the lifestyle of Nigerian youth in Ondo west local government. This study covers Secondary school in Ondo West, Ondo State. The researcher encountered some constraints, which limited the scope of the study. These constraints include but are not limited to the following.

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

MEDIA: This means the way through large number of people receive information and entertainment that is television, radio, newspaper, magazine and internet.

SOCIAL MEDIA: Means media for social interaction using highly accessible and able publishing technique. It’s also a form of electronic communication to share information, ideas, personal messages and other content.

NETWORKING: This is the exchange of information or services among individuals, groups or institutions. It’s also the establishment or use of computer.

 

Youth: Youth generally refers to the period of life between childhood and adulthood, typically characterized by physical, emotional, and social development. In most contexts, youth is defined as individuals aged between 15 and 24 years, though the specific age range can vary depending on cultural and social factors. This stage is often associated with exploration, identity formation, and the development of independence, making it a crucial period for establishing values, beliefs, and life choices.

Lifestyle: Lifestyle refers to the way in which an individual or group lives, encompassing habits, behaviors, choices, and daily activities. It includes factors such as dietary habits, physical activity, social interactions, work-life balance, and leisure activities. Lifestyle reflects personal values, cultural influences, socioeconomic status, and individual preferences, and it can significantly impact overall well-being and quality of life. Different lifestyles can be categorized in various ways, such as healthy, active, sedentary, minimalist, or consumer-oriented.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows:

Chapter one is concerned with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

Project – THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE LIFESTYLE OF NIGERIAN YOUTH