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CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In its most general sense, a database is any electronically stored collection of data in a computer system. In its more specific sense, a database is a collection interrelated files in a computer system. These computer based files are organized according to their common elements, as that they can be retrieved easily when a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organizations information requirements change.

Coming to students account is not easy, for the financial burden of the institution depends on how much money available and to ensure that each student actually contributed their own quote towards achieving this development without fraudulent practices becomes a taught for proper reasoning.

Databases have been in use since the earliest days of electronic computing. Unlike modern systems which can be applied to widely different database and needs, the vast majority of older systems were tightly linked to the custom databases in order to gain speed at the expense of flexibility.

For years ego, because of them annual means and recently semi- computerized system used in obtaining students account records, there has been a lot of undeleted fraud like non-verification of forged receipt, influence of staff and students who belong to the same peer group and in most cases associated with lots of processing delays and inaccurate report generation. In database, we will designed it in such a way that all the students accounts will be easy and faster increase the production rate of the polytechnic and minimize the time wasted in general.

Student record is fast and easy software especially developed for computer and language institution. In this software you can store huge information about student including profit with photo, course information and school fees information. It has flexible search features which you can search the record by date, by name and by course as well as create the reports which you can print.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Federal Polytechnic Nekede was established in 1978. It was formal collage of technology in the year 1978 and it was made federal polytechnic Nekede Imo State in 1987 later become Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri in 1993.

The bursary division, which comprises the student account department started with the institution. The institution runs various programes like National Diploma (ND), Pre-National Diploma, High National Diploma (HND), Evening and Certificate programes.

Currently, it comprises of five schools, school of Engineering, school of business, school of general studies, school of humanities, school of environmental design and so on. The personnel of the polytechnic are made up of academic and non-academic staff. The non-academic staff controls the students account Department and it falls under the Bursary Division min the Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The designing of a database for students account records involves a lot of development and evaluation of methods therefore has not been an easy task. Because of thus, the manual cum semi computerized mode of operation of students account records is faced with problems such as;-

Each student ledger has to be up dated from time to time, thus makes the whole exercise boring.
Apart from the HOD and one of the staff others are not computer literate.
As the files can easily be gotten hold of unauthorized users can access confidential or other people’s information.
The computerized system is not functioning
There is every need to reduce processing time, save labor cost and increase the rate of production thereby moving along with recent technology and also meet upon with the global challenges.
Since the bulk of the work is done manually there is every tendency that mistakes will likely occur most times in the student’s registration number, name and even the amount paid.
The time spent and wasted due to the increase in their records, this leads to delays in the computation of their account records.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study is aimed at understanding the problems and difficulties of the existing system and creating a database system to solving those problems. These include;-

To design a system that will produce for the management, timely and adequate information about students finances, in order to assist them in making decisions.
To design a database that will help the Polytechnics in Nigeria to reduce the difficulties encountered in dealing with students account.
To prepare a database that will make for easy preparation of students debtor list.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The reasoning why we use new technology of computer is to reduce unitary labor requirements of each business operation and come up with a quality management and successful database of increasing number of work functions in data processing. The study will help the polytechnic in addressing the dilemma of suffering from manual cum semi computerized system and allowing the institution and the students achieve greater productivity. The time will be saved and more achievement in work function achieved in lesser time. And it will help the institution deflect easily some fraudulent acts and squandalization. In the aspect of students clearance to collected results, the names of financially up to date students will be easily queried and attention given to them easily and faster as they come.

The management can easily know the financial strength of the institution in order to determine the nature of project to embark on. Workers will be needed, since the database will accomplish what workers can do in few minutes, thereby saving labor cost for the institution.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

As a result of many constraints involved in obtaining data, vast operations of the institution, in some occasion’s non availability of some relevant material and more especially time, this study was strictly restricted to the students account department in Bursary Division and for regular National Diploma students of Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

In spite of time and of her limitations, although the researcher tried in using the available resources to successfully carryout the research, it cannot be claimed to be 100%. Therefore, is open for moderation if it can be used for a similar purpose in students account department of other institution.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Database is a collection, of interrelated files in a computer system. A database management system provides the ability for many different users to share data and process resources.

DATA: – A formalized representation of facts or concepts suitable for communication interpretation of processing by people or by automation means.

BITS: – Represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle

FILE:- A collection of related records treated as a unit.

BYTES: – A group of bits is called a byte.

RECORD: – A collection of related items of data.

CHARACTER: – A byte represents a character and it can be a letter, a number or special character

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Full Project – Design and Implementation of Database Management System For Student Account Records

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