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Full Project – Design and implementation of micro-controller-based door using PIR sensor

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CHAPTER ONE

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

A door is a main component of every building. It is an openable barrier at the entrance of the house, room or other spaces that allow people, vehicle and other goods to enter and leave. Doors among other things are used for the following purpose (Desai, 2017);

to maintain privacy and safety inside the room or house
Doors provide connecting link between the various internal rooms of the house.
It gives an aesthetic view to the house.
Open door provides lighting and ventilation to various rooms in the house.
It controls the physical atmosphere within a space by enclosing it, excluding air drafts so that interiors may be more effectively heated or cooled.
It also acts as noise barrier when there are chances of too much noise outside.

In today’s world, many institutions are composed of plenty of commercial buildings with multiples of manual doors. Manually operated doors possess a lot of challenges which include; Difficulty of access for old person; potential media for the spray of contagious diseases; boredom associated with door management at public points, etc. Automation offers solution to the challenges mentioned above (Harsha and Kumar, 2020;).

Indeed, automatic doors for architectural use are increasingly becoming more popular in this age of automation. Automatic doors offer convenience for passage in these areas; hygiene control, energy saving, barrier free and environmental protection. Automated doors are available in different varieties. However, automated doors are more costly compared with manual doors. Automation is increasingly taking over every facet of human actively. Especially where there is continuous repletion of routine. The question now is what happens to existing manual doors? (What Are the Benefits of Installing Automatic Doors? | Glass Repair in Hamilton | City Window & Glass, n.d. & Automatic Doors: A Sustainable Approach to Modern Hygienic Buildings, 2020).

This project proffers cost-effective way around these challenges. It aims at implementing an automatic door controller that is equipped with intelligence to conveniently grant passage to buildings and in event of power outage to be manually operated. The device utilizes Passive Infra-red (PIR) sense anybody approaching. This signal which is dictated by the sensor is fed to a micro controller to operate a door motor through a motor driver IC. When a body reaches the operating range of the passive infra-red (PIR) sensor, it sends a signal to the micro controller to open or close the door.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In today’s world, many institutions are composed of various commercial buildings with multiples of manual doors. Manually operated doors possess a lot of challenges which include; Difficulty of access for old person; potential media for the spray of contagious diseases; boredom associated with door management at public points, etc. For these reasons automatic doors for architectural use are increasingly becoming more popular in this age of automation. this however, comes at a higher cost compared with manual doors.

This project proffers a cost-effective way around these challenges. by implementing an automatic controlled door that is equipped with intelligence for conveniently granting passage for the purpose of entrance or exit, and in the event of power outage to be manually operated.

1.3 Scope of the study

The study covers the Design and Construction of an Automatic Door Opening and Closing Using Passive Infra-red (PIR) Sensor. The project employees usage of microcontroller (Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)) circuit for controlling the entire system behaviour.

1.4 Aim and Objectives

The Aim of the Study is to Design and Construct an Automatic Door Control System Using Passive Infra-red (PIR) Sensor.

The following are the specific objectives of the work;

To identify basic components used for automating door control
To design a microcontroller based automated door system..

To develop an algorithm that controls the operation of automated door.

To implement an Automatic Door Opening and Closing Using Passive Infra-red (PIR) Sensor.
To conduct a pilot test in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of Plateau State Polytechnic Barkin Ladi in order to evaluate system performance.

1.5 Significance of the Project

The following are the significance of this project;

It provides cost effective way of upgrading existing manual doors.
It eliminates boredom associated with manual doors

Eliminating the danger of health hazard associated with manual doors in public places.

Improving existing industrial structures.
It will add to existing literature on door controls.
Efficiently improves the management of doors used at public points and controlled plants.

Increase useful life of equipment.

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