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Full Project – Determination of nutritional and antinutritional content of garden cress (Lipidium Sativum) leaves

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CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Lepidium sativum is a fast growing edible herb that belongs to the family Brassiacea (Cruciferae). It is commonly called garden cress, common cress, land cress etc. It is cultivated in India, North America and parts of Europe This annual plant can reach a height of 60cm, with many branches on the upper part. The white to pink flowers are 2 mm across, clustered in branched racemes. The plant is used as vegetable in Europe and America, the seeds are harvested for food purpose in several parts of India (Hassan et al., 2015).The plant seeds are well known for their nutritional and medicinal value. The therapeutic features of plants have attracted world-wide interest about medicinal plants which resulted in novel sources of drugs for wide modern applications. They are also widely used to control various insects. The seeds contain many phytochemical substances responsible for their medicinal properties. The seeds contain lepidine which acts as a diuretic. Imidazole compounds present in seeds are antihypertensive. Glucosinolates, flavonoid compounds and semilepidinoside (a and b) act as anticarcinogenic, antioxidants and antiasthmatic, respectively Grass cress seeds are one of the important medicinal plants which have considerable quantities of fat, minerals, protein, fibers, and phytochemicals playing an important role in many functional beverages and foods. Lepidium sativum (garden cress) seeds are largely used in Arabic countries for many purposes. Fortification of various food items is one of its different utilizations, due to its different nutritional and medicinal properties. Anti-diarrheal antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, bronchodilator and cardiotonic properties may be due to bioactive compounds in the studying plants like flavonoids. Flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, chalcones and anthocyanins are mainly sub-classes in flavonoids compounds, all these compounds are combined to sugars in forms of C-gylcosides and O-glycosides Lepidium sativum (Garden cress) is an annual herb that is rich in phytochemicals. Total phenolic compounds, one of the phytochemicals, tends to be a natural antioxidant that is responsible for the antioxidant activity of the Garden cress. Furthermore, seeds have additional medicinal properties like aperient, alterative, diuretic, tonic, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, aperient and carminative properties. Moreover, seeds are used in treating hypertension and renal diseases.(Hanan et al., 2019).Garden cress is an underutilized crop The edible seed is known to have health promoting properties, Garden cress seeds are richest source of protein, iron, folic acid, calcium, vitamin A and E. Since, it is best source of iron it often helps to cure anaemic conditions, apart from this, it is a rich source of omega 3 fatty acids which help to lower cholesterol in hyper cholesterolemic patients.(Poonam and Balwinder, 2016).In spite of the great advances of modern scientific medicine, traditional medicine is still the primary form of treating diseases of majority of people in developing countries, including Nigeria; even among those people using one form or another of complementary of alternative medicine is rapidly medicinal herbs are likely to remain high because many of the active ingredients in medicinal plants cannot yet be prepared synthetically. Lepidium sativum Linn. an annual herb, growing as a weed in and around cultivated fields throughout Nigeria According to the World Bank in 1997, (technical paper number 335), it is apparent that the significance of plant based medicines has been increasing all over the world. Nearly 50 % of medicines in the market is made of natural basic materials.(Shail, et al., 2016).

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

There is need to evaluate the nutritional and antinutritional content of Garden Cress leaves, because this plant is consumed by different communities in form of food or as medicine.this study will provide an information that would help the communities to known how to utilize the plant.

1.3 JUSTIFICATION

Garden Cress is known for its medicinal and food values,there are many literature on the plant for its phytochemicals,but little have been done to accertain it’s nutritional and Antinutritional composition this nessecitate the choise of the topic to determine nutritional and antinutritional content.

1.4 AIM

To determine the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garden cress leaves

1.5 OBJECTIVES

To determine nutritional composition of Garden cress
To determine the anti-nutritional composition of Garden cress

1.6 HYPOTHESIS

There is no anti-nutritional content in Garden cress.
There is no nutritional content in garden cress.

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