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Full Project – Medical software for diagnosing cancer

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Health is the state of physical, mental and social wellbeing of an individual. Primary health care is an essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at t cost of that the community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self examination.

Computer based programs are widely used in field of medicine for providing fast, efficient and effective healthcare services to clients. This has played a vital role in providing information on the diagnoses and treatment of disease (Donald, 2001).

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that deals with helping machine finds solution to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. It generally involves borrowing characteristics from human and applying them as algorithm in a computer friendly way (Champandard, 2001). The general goal of AI is to replicate human intelligence solve knowledge-intensive task, make intelligent connection between perception and action, and enhance human-human, human-computer and computer-computer communication and interactions.

Data mining is a powerful new technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in the data they have collected about the behavior of their client and potential client; it discovers information within the data that queries the reports can effectively be revealed (Alexander, 2001). Data mining derives its name from the similarities between searching for valuable information in a large database and mining a mountain for valuable ore. Both processes require either sifting through an immense amount of material efficiently and intelligently to discover where the real value lies (Bhattacharjee, 2004).

Cancer is also called malignancy and is a serious disease in which cells in a person’s body increase rapidly in an uncontrollable way producing abnormal growths. We have different types of cancer which includes breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer etc. 90% of lung cancer are caused by smoking. Cancer has caused the death of millions of people all over the world, most of which is the late detection of the diseases in the body and access to medical facilities.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The use of computer in medical services has grown immensely in the past years. Computer is one of the machines today that assist a lot in solving problems due to the fact that it is versatile but then, some medical areas are yet to deploy a means for diagnosing, treatment and prescription of drugs for some diseases.

This study is carried out by the intent of improving the existing system of diagnosing and treatment of cancer

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

For any project to surface, there must be some problem previously encountered or experienced in the area, therefore a solution is necessary. Hence, this study is conducted with the intent of coming up with solutions and measures targeted at solving the problems experienced these problems are:

Late detection of the diseases because of lack of timely access to physicians.
Difficulty in searching through a bulky set of files and cards for patient data.
Destruction and loss of patient data or patient details.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to develop the appropriate software for identifying and extracting patterns in cancer patient data and possible treatment of the diseases.

In other to achieve the aim of this project, some objects will be put in place. They include to study and understand the concepts of data mining, as well as research and gain understanding on cancer patient data. The project has the following objectives:

To increase access to health care services through the use of software
to provide an early detection of the disease
To diagnose different cancer related symptoms.
To enable the system to provide appropriate treatment.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study includes:

Improve collection and storage of patient data.
The developed will serve as teaching aid to medical practitioners.
The medical system will reduce dependency on human experts.
Serve as communication channel for knowledge that can be helped in our society.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study deals with designing a system for diagnosing and possible treatment of some common types of cancer which includes breast cancer, Bladder Cancer and kidney cancer. The symptoms of each types of cancer are gathered and deed as input to the system and the output of the kind of cancer will be determined after which possible treatment of the disease is suggested.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

We have different types of cancer which is very broad this research should have coverer a very broad scope such as the diagnoses and treatment of all kind of cancer we have but some constrains made this researcher limit the study to the above stated scope. These constraints include:

The expected completion time for this project is too short which made the researcher to limit the research to the aforementioned scope.
Gathering all relevant materials for this project cost much which I could not afford. This made me to make do with very few materials I could afford.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence as the name implies can be said to be the science and engineering of making intelligence machine (McCarthy, 1956).

Data Mining: Data mining or knowledge discovering is the computer assisted process of digging through, gathering and analyzing enormous set of data and then extracting the meaning of the data (Samadhi, 2006).

Disease: A disorder of structure or function in human, animal or plant especially one that produces specific symptoms or affects a specific part.

Doctor: Someone who is qualified in medicine and treat people who are ill.

Knowledge Base: A store collection of facts on a particular subject and a hundred of thousands of If/Then satiation or actions by which the fact relates.

Patient: An Individual qualified to prepare and dispense medical drugs.

Symptoms: Evidence of disease or disorder is experienced by a patient.

User: An individual working with the system.

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