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Full Project – Performance and analysis of Egbu-oguta 33kv feeder

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Electric power distribution systems comprise the parts of an electrical power system between the sub-transmission system and the consumers’ service. The goal is to transport the power from the transmission system to the customer efficiently, effectively, economically, as well as reliability. The function of an electricity power system is to provide electricity energy to all its customers as economically as possible. This supply of electricity must be of an acceptable quality and degree of reliability. Contemporary users of electricity expect that the supply of electricity is available continuously. This is sometimes impossible because of the malfunctioning of power system equipment and other factors outside the control of power system controllers.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The electric utility system is usually divided into three subsystems which are generation, transmission, and distribution. A fourth division, which sometimes is made, is sub-transmission.

However, the latter can really be considered as a subset of transmission since the voltage levels and protection practices are quite similar.

The distribution system is commonly broken down into three components: distribution substation, distribution primary and secondary. At the substation level, the voltage is reduced and the power is distributed in smaller amounts to the customers. Consequently, one substation will supply many customers with power. Thus, the number of transmission lines in the distribution systems is many times that of the transmission systems. Furthermore, most customers are connected to only one of the three phases in the distribution system. Therefore, the power flow on each of the lines is different and the system is typically ‘unbalanced’.

Feeders are conductors which connect the consumers with the sub-station. Tapings to feed current to the consumers are NOT taken from the feeders. Therefore, its current loading remains the same along its entire length. Instead, Tapings to each consumers are taken from the DISTRIBUTORS, whose current loading varies along its length.

Power system outages can cause major inconvenience to users of electricity. The financial losses and economic impact are not confined to the utility or the major industrial user, but impacts indirectly on the entire community and the environment. Power system outages impact more on businesses than any other user of electricity (Short, 2006).

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The failure of components in power networks can cause problems related with power quality and reliability.

The solutions of such problems are of interest both for the utilities and customers.

During the course of study transportation posed a major problem to an effective information gathering. It can also be noted that manual system of data gathering by the network company also made the retrieval of data difficult.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this research project is to study the performance and analysis feeder located in Egbu Transmission substation, identify the key performance indicators using recorded and statistical analysis as the assessment parameter for the feeders. This is achieved using NEPLAN power simulation and graphical representation of recorded data.

1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

This study will help power and plant engineers to know the Performance or status of Oguta feeder and the causes of power outages continually faced by the Nigeria Power Company in terms power transmission and distribution system. This research work will aid electrical generation, transmission and distribution companies in Nigeria to ascertain the level of feeder performance, causes of outages and remedies.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This research project covers the performance and analysis of Oguta 33kV feeder for three years using recorded data on outages for emergency and forced trips in the line from Egbu Transmission substation. The entire obtained data are based on the values given by the network operators.

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