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Full Project – TEACHER’S RELATED FACTORS AND THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN CALABAR MUNICIPALITY CALABAR

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Teacher’s related factors refer to the various aspects of a teacher’s characteristics, behaviors, and practices that can influence the academic performance of their students. These factors can include the teacher’s level of subject knowledge, teaching experience, teaching methods, classroom management skills, communication skills, and their ability to create a positive and engaging learning environment. Additionally, the teacher’s attitude towards their students, their motivation, and their ability to provide effective feedback and support can also play a significant role in shaping the academic outcomes of biology students. It is important to note that teacher-related factors can vary from one teacher to another and can have a significant impact on the overall learning experience and academic success of students in the field of biology.

When it comes to the academic performance of biology students, there are several teacher-related factors that can have a significant impact. Firstly, the teacher’s level of subject knowledge and expertise plays a crucial role. A biology teacher who possesses a deep understanding of the subject matter can effectively convey complex concepts to students, making the learning process more engaging and comprehensible. Additionally, a teacher’s teaching style and instructional strategies can greatly influence student performance. For instance, an instructor who incorporates hands-on activities, group discussions, and real-life examples into their lessons can enhance student understanding and retention of biological concepts.

The teacher’s enthusiasm and passion for the subject can inspire and motivate students to excel academically. A biology teacher who demonstrates genuine excitement and interest in the subject matter can create a positive learning environment that fosters curiosity and encourages students to actively participate in class. Moreover, the teacher’s ability to provide timely and constructive feedback on assignments and assessments can greatly impact student performance. Effective feedback helps students identify their strengths and weaknesses, enabling them to make necessary improvements and enhance their overall academic performance in biology. Overall, these teacher-related factors play a vital role in shaping the academic success of biology students.

Teachers with multiphase background, training and qualification have over the years, dominated the teaching profession in Nigeria. With the emergence of new job opportunities, the teaching profession began to lose the best of its brain. Consequently, those who could not get better job stay on; new entrants use it as a stepping stone, while others who were not trained to teach but have no other job joined the teaching profession (Arisekola, 2007).

Teacher effectiveness hinges on mastery of the subject, ability to impart the subject matter to the learners and to exhibit the indices of educated person so as to achieve educational objectives. The educational objective focuses more on high students’ academic performance, in order for the students to be better individuals and contribute to the development of the nation as a whole (Abdullahi, 2006).

Teachers are responsible for student academic performance; hence what really counts in determining the quality of a teacher is the quality of what goes on in the classroom. They should be guided and equipped by sound knowledge or relevant principles so as to cope with classroom situation.

The shabby treatments to teachers have culminated in the drift of some of the few trained teachers to better paid jobs. Teaching job should not be a dumping ground for the frustrated job seekers from other fields of specialization. The situations whereby all sorts of people with diverse qualifications are appointed as teachers have dampened effective teaching. (Okunola,1990).

Science subjects like Biology occupies a special position in the senior secondary school curriculum in Nigeria. In the National Policy on Education (FRN, 2004), each senior secondary school student is expected to study at least a science subject (one of Biology, Chemistry, Physics or Health science). Okoye (2006) noted that Biology is mostly registered for in the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination (SSCE) of West African Examination Council (WAEC) and National Examinations Council of Nigeria (NECO).

Onwuachu, (2009) have investigated reasons for students’ low performance in biology. Among the reasons were teachers’ failure to comply to professional ethics and conduct of teaching. Hence, every teacher has his/her own personality and attributes which shows individual teacher’s related factors. With these problems, the limits to effective learning of biology may have been minimally set. Accepted methods to overcome poor academic performance in science have included the promotion of more effective teaching strategies and creation of more positive attitudes towards the learning of science.

Statement of the Study

There has been a public outcry on the poor performance of students in Biology. It is believed that if biology concepts are not taught from known to unknown and from simple to complex, it is likely that students might find it difficult to understand the concepts taught. It has been observed that instructional materials for usage by the teachers in great qualities are being placed in school at decreasing rate.

The teachers problem today, than, is not the lack of materials, but how to make the best instructional use of those available to him (Jarolinek 2001). Unfortunately, teaching aids or instructional materials especially with the modern innovation are grossly lacking and faced with a lot of problems in its use by teachers.

Teachers are very vital in the educational system. They are the ones who interpret the goals of education and ensure that the children are educated in line with them. Since quality of output depends on the quality of input, the success or quantity of any educational system depends on the adequacy of quantity and quality as well as the level of devotion of its teaching workforce.

Purpose of Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the teacher’s related factors and the Academic performance of Biology students in Calabar Municipality Calabar

Specifically, the study sought to determine whether:

teachers’ academic quality is a determinant of academic performance in Biology.
teachers’ professional qualification is a determinant of academic performance in Biology.
teaching experience is a determinant of academic performance in Biology.
teachers exposure on-the-job training is a determinant of academic performance in Biology.
teachers’ interest is a determinant of academic performance in Biology.

Research Questions

The following research questions are formulated to guide the study:

Is teachers’ academic quality a determinant of academic performance in Biology?
Is teachers’ professional qualification a determinant of academic performance in Biology?
Is teaching experience is a determinant of academic performance in Biology?
Is teachers exposure to on-the-job training a determinant of academic performance in Biology?
Is teachers’ interest a predictor of academic performance in Biology?

Research Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses (H₀) are stated below:

teachers’ academic quality is not a determinant of academic performance in Biology.
teachers’ professional qualification is not a determinant of academic performance in Biology
teaching experience is not a determinant of academic performance in Biology
teachers exposure on-the-job training is not a determinant of academic performance in Biology.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study would furnish educational policy makers and planners with relevant and up-to-date information on the teacher’s related factors and the Academic performance of Biology students in Calabar Municipality Calabar.

The study will further determine whether more qualified and experienced science teachers should be recruited as this will aid the use of more material resources that promotes good academic excellent in secondary school.

The research will contribute immensely to the entire nation as it will provide a framework upon which local and state government will address the problems of students in Biology via the teachers quality in Calabar Municipality in particular and country as a whole. It will also enable individual mostly in Calabar Municipality to know the interrelation between student’s performance and teacher’s qualifications.

It will also look into how every teacher should display good ethics required of a professional teacher. In addition, it will give an insight into skills acquired by teachers and their ability to make use of the available resources.

The study was conducted to show those qualities of teachers which can make or mar organizational effectiveness. The results from the study would, therefore, be useful to government and most especially relevant agencies that are in charge of personnel administration in secondary education. They would be assisted to take cognizance of these qualities, thus emphasize them during recruitment exercise of teacher and on-going teacher administration. This will help to ensure qualitative recruitment exercise.

The findings from the study will also benefit those in charge of recruitment, placement and management of teaching personnel as well as their continuous development in the respective secondary education.

Also, the findings will be of value in terms of monitoring assessment in connection with accountability or reading of standards, assessment of teachers for professional improvement, determining teachers’ fitness for promotion as well as for refining professional classroom practices.

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