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Full Project – THE EFFECTS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

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ABSTRACT

This work is a comprehensive study on the The effects of early childhood care development and education on the academic performance of primary school pupils in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. For a deep analytical study this research work is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction of the project. Literature review is in chapter two. Chapter three deals with research, design and methodology. Analysis of data presentation and discussion of findings are found in chapter four while chapter five contains summary, recommendation and conclusion. The main instrument of data collection were the pupils questionnaire which were in two parts section A – personal data and section B – a four point scale study is used.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The years between birth and age eight are critical for human growth and development, and here is where early childhood care, development, and education (ECCDE) come in. Early education has been found to improve children’s intellectual and social results, including their success in primary school. In order to better understand how ECCDE influences students’ success in the classroom, we conducted a literature study. Reading the Books: The correlation between ECCDE and student achievement in elementary schools has been the subject of a number of research.

Chukwu and Odunaike (2018), for example, conducted a research in Nigeria and discovered that elementary school students who received ECCDE performed considerably better than their peers who did not. Students’ cognitive ability, social skills, and self-esteem all benefited by ECCDE, according to the study’s authors. Similar results were reported in a research by Fatai (2012) in Nigeria, where students who got ECCDE in elementary school had higher mean scores than their counterparts who did not.

Tiarawut and Kumar (2019) performed research in Thailand and showed that ECCDE was correlated with better language and math scores among elementary school students. The length and quality of ECCDE had a sizable impact on students’ academic outcomes, according to the study’s authors.

Matshedisho (2018) conducted research in South Africa and discovered that children who attended preschool had better academic outcomes in grade one. In addition to improving students’ motivation and self-regulation, two non-cognitive abilities crucial to success in elementary school, studies have indicated that ECCDE can also improve students’ academic achievement.

In the United States, researchers Duncan and Magnuson (2012) discovered that ECEE significantly improved students’ non-cognitive abilities including self-regulation and motivation, leading to higher achievement in elementary school.

What a nation makes of education system to a large extent will dictate the tempo of her match to nationhood and self-reliance (Okeke, 1990) Education is regarded as a dynamic instruments of change, thus Nigerian government accepts education to be a huge government venture and gives it a wholehearted support.

For sometimes now early childhood education has been a great concern to educators, scholars, researcher’s governmental and non-governmental agencies and indeed the generality of the populace of Nigeria. This is because education at this level represents the pivot and the initial focal point on which the entire education system rotates. It is the embryo of the whole education system. The management and planning of education at this pre-school stage, thus is of immense importance to the education system in particular and to the entire nation at large. This is because the foundation for a sound qualitative and functional education system can be best laid here.

These nurseries and kindergartens form the first step in public education and help the family in the moral and aesthetic education of children in maintaining and strengthening their health and preparing them for school.

Early childhood is referred to as a period between two to six years. This is sometimes referred to as pre-primary stage. Growth at this state proceeds at a very fast rate although slower than that of the baby.

The benefits of ECCDE on children’s cognitive development and learning in elementary school. Several studies have documented ECCDE’s beneficial impacts on students’ academic performance, social competence, sense of self-worth, and other non-cognitive abilities. It has also been observed that the length and quality of ECCDE have substantial impacts on students’ academic outcomes. Therefore, governments should place a premium on providing high-quality ECCDE as part of their drive to boost students’ academic performance in elementary school. Long-term impacts of ECCDE on students’ educational results, particularly when they advance to higher levels of school, require more study.

The historical development of early childhood education coincided with the historical development of science education. The contributions of many early childhood educators stimulated awareness in the relevance of science to the education of the young child.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It is generally agreed that a child’s achievement begins in his/her early stage. The economic status of the family notwithstanding, the child’s ability in Academic performance is traceable to how effective the learning capacity can be. When a child starts early enough to master his subjects especially in science the achievement level can then be agreed to perform above the expectation. Science as a subject will be made to be a yardstick that can be used to measure a level of the achievement.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to investigate the The effects of early childhood care development and education on the academic performance of primary school pupils. Specifically, the purpose of the study includes the following:

To investigate the effect of early childhood in the study of science on the Academic performance of primary four pupils.
To investigate the role played by parents on the Academic performance of their children especially on science.
To determine the methods that could be applied on the Academic performance of science pupils in primary four.
To assess the relationship between the early childhood and the study of science in primary four.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is significant for a number of reasons. It will discover early childhood can influence the study of science in primary four. It will also bring out data on the effect of early childhood on the Academic performance of pupils which will be useful for the educational administration in future. It will be useful for primary school teachers, head of administration in the management of their schools to attain a targeted goal of high level of academic excellence. It is also believed that this study will be useful to future researches in the same topic.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Is there any influence on early childhood on the academic achievement of Primary School pupils?
Does educational background of parents significantly affect the child’s Academic performance in Uyo Local Government Area?

iii. Is there any relationship between parental educational background in science and the early childhood academic achievement?

1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

i) There is no significant relationship between early childhood and Academic performance of primary four in science.
ii) There is no significant relationship between educational background of parents and the child’s Academic performance in

iii) There is no significant relationship between parental educational background in science and Academic performance of pupils in Primary School.

1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the research study serves as a guide to improve the general Academic performance of a child.
The finding on the study will help the policy makers to realize the importance of early childhood on the academic achievement of Primary School pupils.
The report on the study will encourage the parents to be conscious of encouraging their children to develop interest in the study of science.

1.8 THE LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The limitation of the study based on the various obstacles and set backs range from the lack of funds to finance the conduct of the research, transportation and lack of other relevant logistics.

The problem of inadequate reference materials to obtain relevant information and finally lack of full co-operation from the targeted audience in areas visited.

1.9 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study examines The effects of early childhood care development and education on the academic performance of primary school pupils. The study is limited to primary four pupils in Uyo Local Government Area studying science. The generalization of the study should be such that limited to Primary School pupils.

1.10 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Education: A process in which someone is taught better ways of doing things

Democratic Society: A society being free and free for citizens.

Philosophy: The study of how nature exists and knowledge about people.

Interest: To develop love for a particular thing.

Exploration: To assess for discovery.

Laudable: Deserved to be praised or admired.

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