Project – An evaluation of Different Perspective of Church Revenue: A case study of Pastor Abel Damina and Apostle Ime Bassey

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The growth of the Christian Church, particularly in the Pentecostal and Charismatic movements, has led to diverse perspectives on church revenue generation, with some leaders advocating for innovative strategies, while others stress the importance of traditional methods. One such controversial issue is the role of finances in ministry and how it influences church growth and operations. Scholars have delved into understanding how church leaders’ attitudes towards money affect the spiritual and practical outcomes of church activities (Burgess & Jones, 2014). Pastors like Abel Damina and Apostle Ime Bassey provide contrasting views on the subject, offering unique lenses through which to examine the role of revenue in modern church operations. The case study of these two influential leaders will be employed to explore how their perspectives align with or differ from broader church revenue models in global Christianity.

Pastor Abel Damina is known for his unapologetic stance on preaching the Gospel of prosperity, emphasizing that financial empowerment is an essential aspect of the Christian faith. Damina argues that believers are entitled to wealth, and it is the responsibility of the church to educate and equip them to harness divine favor for financial success (Damina, 2018). His teachings often incorporate a positive view of money as a tool for advancing God’s kingdom on earth, asserting that the church must leverage its financial resources to spread the Gospel. According to studies by Sampson and Davies (2017), prosperity gospel preachers like Damina have built large followings by aligning their financial teachings with the desires of their congregation, catering to the material needs and desires of believers while promising spiritual fulfillment.

In contrast, Apostle Ime Bassey takes a more conservative approach to church revenue. While he acknowledges the importance of financial resources in running the church, Bassey places greater emphasis on transparency, accountability, and stewardship. His teachings highlight that money should be seen as a tool for serving the community and fulfilling God’s mandate of helping the less privileged. Bassey advocates for a more modest lifestyle for church leaders, encouraging members to give willingly and generously but without the expectation of immediate material returns (Bassey, 2020). This contrasts with Damina’s more transactional view of giving. As O’Dwyer and Unerman (2016) point out, many churches that prioritize modesty in leadership and church finances often struggle with sustainability, as they may not have the same aggressive fundraising tactics as prosperity gospel proponents.

An important aspect of the debate between Damina and Bassey is the tension between religious values and the business model of the church. Many scholars argue that churches should function similarly to nonprofits, focusing on charitable works and community development rather than maximizing profits (Harris, 2019). However, as Damina’s approach suggests, churches increasingly rely on commercial strategies, including leveraging media platforms and product sales to fund their operations. This perspective has been critiqued by scholars who view the commercialization of religion as a distortion of its spiritual mission (Pew, 2015). Others, however, argue that using business models to fund church activities can lead to greater outreach and sustainability (Jenkins, 2021). The divergent views of Damina and Bassey offer insight into this ongoing debate, illustrating the variety of approaches used by church leaders to navigate financial challenges.

Another critical issue is the ethical considerations surrounding church revenue generation. The prosperity gospel approach, as championed by Damina, is often accused of exploiting the vulnerability of congregants, especially those from low-income backgrounds, by promising material rewards in exchange for generous tithes and offerings (Cox, 2014). This has led to significant backlash and calls for greater regulation of church finances. On the other hand, Bassey’s model, which emphasizes stewardship and ethical giving, has found support among those who view church finance as a means to promote social justice rather than individual enrichment. The ethical implications of these different perspectives highlight the broader debate on the responsibility of church leaders in handling financial resources, ensuring that funds are used to benefit the entire community rather than a select few (Clark, 2018).

Finally, the international context of church revenue models offers further complexity to the discussion. While both Damina and Bassey are influential figures in Nigerian Christianity, their approaches reflect broader global trends in how churches handle finances. The rise of mega-churches in the Global South has led to increased scrutiny of church revenue, with leaders like Damina becoming symbolic of the prosperity gospel that has gained traction in many African and Latin American nations (Vásquez, 2018). Meanwhile, the more modest and transparent financial practices advocated by Bassey align with global movements toward church accountability and ethical stewardship. Understanding these global dynamics is essential to appreciating the varied approaches to church revenue and the significant influence that church leaders have in shaping economic, social, and spiritual landscapes.

• Statement of the Problem

The issue of church revenue and its management has become an increasingly contentious topic within contemporary Christian ministry, particularly among prominent church leaders. This tension is especially evident in the case of two influential Nigerian church leaders: Pastor Abel Damina and Apostle Ime Bassey. While both leaders have large followings, their perspectives on church revenue, financial management, and the relationship between material wealth and spiritual health differ significantly. Pastor Abel Damina advocates for a prosperity gospel, which promotes the idea that believers are entitled to wealth, and that the church should actively participate in creating financial opportunities for its members. Conversely, Apostle Ime Bassey’s approach centers on ethical stewardship, transparency, and using church funds for community welfare rather than personal gain. This stark contrast presents an opportunity to explore the implications of these differing perspectives on the church’s operations and its impact on congregants.

A significant challenge in this debate is understanding the influence these perspectives have on church practices, particularly in terms of financial contributions and church revenue generation. The question arises as to whether Damina’s emphasis on prosperity preaching leads to greater financial success for the church but with potential ethical compromises, or whether Bassey’s model, with its emphasis on stewardship and modesty, results in more sustainable and ethically sound financial practices. The problem lies in the lack of comprehensive research that examines how these differing perspectives on revenue influence the long-term growth, financial health, and ethical integrity of the church. Moreover, the effects of these contrasting models on congregational loyalty, trust, and community development remain underexplored.

Furthermore, the financial needs of churches are often complex, and the methods used to address these needs can be controversial. In the case of Pastor Abel Damina’s approach, one concern is the heavy reliance on financial contributions from church members, who may feel pressured to give in exchange for promises of material wealth or blessings. Critics argue that this model can exploit the vulnerability of believers, particularly those from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. On the other hand, Apostle Ime Bassey’s model, while advocating for more ethical and transparent financial practices, may struggle to generate the same level of revenue as Damina’s approach. This raises the problem of how churches balance the need for financial resources to support ministry and community services while maintaining ethical standards in their revenue generation strategies.

The role of church leaders in setting financial expectations is another problematic area that demands attention. Both Pastor Abel Damina and Apostle Ime Bassey, through their teachings, shape the financial beliefs and expectations of their congregations. In Damina’s case, his teachings on wealth creation and financial success may foster an environment where financial prosperity is seen as a direct indicator of spiritual favor, leading to a transactional relationship between churchgoers and the church. This transactional approach may undermine the altruistic spirit of giving, as it positions church contributions as an investment rather than an act of faith. Conversely, Bassey’s emphasis on modest giving and stewardship may encourage a more balanced relationship between finances and spirituality, but it may not address the growing financial demands of modern churches that seek to expand their reach and influence.

Moreover, the broader societal context in which these church revenue models operate also contributes to the complexity of the problem. In Nigeria and other parts of the Global South, the rapid expansion of Pentecostal and Charismatic churches has led to significant shifts in religious and financial landscapes. These churches often face the challenge of balancing their spiritual mission with the demands of modern society, where financial resources are necessary to support large congregations, media outreach, and other church-related activities. However, the rise of mega-churches and the increasing commercialization of religion have led to growing concerns about the ethical implications of church revenue practices, particularly with regard to how funds are raised and used. This issue is compounded by a lack of regulation and transparency in many churches, leading to questions about accountability and the proper use of church funds.

Lastly, the problem of church revenue generation is exacerbated by the lack of standardized models for financial accountability in religious organizations. Churches like those led by Damina and Bassey often operate with varying degrees of financial transparency, making it difficult for congregants, researchers, and the public to evaluate the effectiveness and ethical integrity of their financial systems. While Damina’s approach might appeal to congregants seeking tangible rewards for their contributions, Bassey’s model may not offer the same level of financial sustainability. This disparity creates a pressing need for a critical evaluation of how church revenue is generated, managed, and allocated, with an emphasis on understanding the long-term effects of these practices on both the church and its members. Without such an evaluation, the continued growth of mega-churches and their financial models may lead to greater polarization and ethical dilemmas in religious communities worldwide.

1.3. Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine an evaluation of Different Perspective of Church Revenue. The specific objectives are:

1. To analyze the various sources of revenue for churches, including donations, fundraising events, and grants.
2. To compare the effectiveness of different revenue generation strategies used by churches.
3. To assess the impact of economic factors on church revenue generation.
4. To identify best practices for maximizing church revenue while maintaining financial transparency.

1.4. Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What are the various sources of revenue for churches, including donations, fundraising events, and grants?
2. How effective are different revenue generation strategies used by churches in comparison to each other?
3. What is the impact of economic factors on church revenue generation?
4. What are the best practices for maximizing church revenue while maintaining financial transparency?

1.5. Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to contribute to a deeper understanding of the financial dynamics within contemporary churches, particularly in relation to the contrasting approaches of Pastor Abel Damina and Apostle Ime Bassey. As influential leaders in the Pentecostal and Charismatic movements, both leaders have a profound impact on the financial practices of their congregations. By exploring their differing views on church revenue, this study provides insights into how church leaders’ financial philosophies can shape the broader religious landscape. Understanding these perspectives is essential for church leaders, scholars, and congregants who seek to navigate the complex intersection of faith, finance, and ethics in modern religious settings.

This study is also significant in addressing the gap in academic literature regarding the ethical implications of prosperity gospel teachings, particularly in the context of Nigerian Christianity. While extensive research has been conducted on the prosperity gospel and its global impact, the specific ethical and practical implications of these teachings within the Nigerian church context remain underexplored. Pastor Abel Damina’s advocacy for the prosperity gospel has contributed to the rapid growth of Pentecostalism in Africa, but it also raises questions about the exploitation of congregants and the long-term sustainability of church revenue models. By analyzing Damina’s approach in comparison to Bassey’s more conservative and ethical stance, this study highlights the potential moral risks associated with prosperity gospel teachings while exploring alternative models for church revenue generation that prioritize stewardship and ethical responsibility.

Additionally, this research is significant in providing a comparative analysis of two different church revenue models, offering valuable lessons for churches in both developed and developing countries. As churches globally face increasing financial demands, leaders must adopt sustainable financial strategies that align with both spiritual and ethical values. By comparing the financial practices of Damina and Bassey, this study offers church leaders the opportunity to evaluate the potential benefits and drawbacks of different revenue generation methods. This is particularly important for churches in the Global South, where rapid growth and the need for financial resources to support large congregations and outreach programs are critical. A clearer understanding of the different approaches to church revenue can empower leaders to make informed decisions that balance fiscal sustainability with spiritual integrity.

The findings of this study will also be valuable to policymakers and religious regulators seeking to address the growing concerns about financial accountability and transparency in churches. In many countries, the lack of regulation and oversight in religious organizations has led to widespread concerns about financial mismanagement, corruption, and the exploitation of congregants. By examining the financial practices of two prominent Nigerian church leaders, this study contributes to ongoing discussions about the need for greater accountability in religious organizations. It also emphasizes the importance of ethical guidelines and financial transparency in ensuring that church funds are used responsibly to support the mission of the church and the welfare of its members. Policymakers and religious authorities can use the findings to inform regulatory frameworks that promote good governance and protect congregants from financial exploitation.

The significance of this study also extends to the broader academic discourse on the intersection of religion and economics. By exploring the ways in which church leaders use financial resources to shape religious communities, the study contributes to the growing body of literature on religious economics, particularly within the context of African Christianity. It highlights how churches in the Global South are increasingly adopting market-driven strategies to sustain their operations and expand their influence. As these churches continue to grow in size and financial power, understanding the dynamics of church revenue generation becomes crucial for scholars, sociologists, and economists interested in the relationship between religion, wealth, and social development. This research provides a unique lens through which to examine the role of churches in shaping economic behavior and community welfare in developing nations.

Finally, the study’s significance lies in its potential to foster a more informed and critical discourse within Christian communities regarding the ethical use of financial resources. With the rise of prosperity gospel teachings, many congregants may feel pressured to give beyond their means in hopes of receiving financial blessings in return. By shedding light on the contrasting financial philosophies of Pastor Damina and Apostle Bassey, this study encourages church members to critically assess the motivations behind church revenue practices. It fosters a broader conversation about the true purpose of giving in the church, urging both leaders and congregants to reflect on how financial contributions align with Christian values of generosity, stewardship, and social justice. In doing so, this study promotes a more ethical and sustainable approach to church finances that benefits both the church and its community.

1.6. Scope of the Study

The study examines an evaluation of Different Perspective of Church Revenue: A case study of Pastor Abel Damina and Apostle Ime Bassey. The study is exploratory research.

 

1.7. Operational Definition of Terms

  Evaluation: Evaluation refers to the systematic assessment or appraisal of something in order to understand its value, effectiveness, or significance. In the context of this study, evaluation involves analyzing and comparing the different approaches or perspectives on church revenue to determine their strengths, weaknesses, and overall impact.

  Different Perspective: A different perspective refers to viewing a situation or concept from an alternative point of view, often offering a unique or contrasting approach. In this case, it refers to the contrasting views on church revenue, such as the prosperity gospel approach of Pastor Abel Damina and the more ethical stewardship approach of Apostle Ime Bassey.

  Church: A church is a religious institution or organization that is typically focused on Christian worship, teaching, and fellowship. It is a place where Christians gather to practice their faith, receive spiritual guidance, and participate in communal activities. In this context, the study focuses on the financial practices and revenue generation within Christian churches.

  Revenue: Revenue refers to the income or financial resources that a church or organization generates through various means, such as donations, tithes, offerings, fundraising, and business ventures. It is the money that a church uses to fund its operations, services, and outreach efforts.

  Christian: A Christian is an individual who follows the teachings of Jesus Christ and adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as recorded in the New Testament of the Bible. Christians believe in God and strive to live according to Christian values, including love, compassion, and faith. In the context of this study, “Christian” refers to the followers of the faith whose churches and leaders’ financial practices are being evaluated.

Project – An evaluation of Different Perspective of Church Revenue: A case study of Pastor Abel Damina and Apostle Ime Bassey.