Project – APPRAISING OF THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC TOILET SYSTEM ON HUMAN HEALTH IN EKPOMA, EDO STATE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

David (2012) stated that, A pit toilet is a types of toilet that collect human faeces in a hole in the ground, they either use water or not water one to three liters per flush with pour – flush put latrines. When properly but and maintained they can decrease the spread of diseases by reducing the environment from open defecation. This decreases the transfer of pathogens between facieses and foods by flies. These pathogens are major causes of infectious diarrhea and intestinal worm infections. (Susan 2011) infectious diarrhea result in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. Pit toilet are the lowest method of spreading faeces from peoples.

A pit toilet generally consists of three major part: a hole in ground, a slab or floor with small hole, and a shelter. The shelter is often known as an outhouse the pit is typically at least 3 meters (10 fect) deep and 1m (3.2 fect) across the World Health Organization recommends they may be but a reasonable distance from the house balancing issues of easy access versus that of small distance from the ground water and surface water should be as large as possible to decrease the risk of ground water pollution. The hole in the slab should be not be larger than 25 centimeters (98) incher to prevented children from family in. Light should be prevented from entering the pit to reduce access by flies. This may required the use of did to cores the hole in the floor when not in use. When the pit fills to within 0.5 meters (1.6fect) or a new pit constructed and the shelter removed or re-built at a new location. The management of the fecal sludge removed from the pit is complication. There both environment and health risk if not done properly (WHO 2005).

A lot of public toilet poses very serious problems to the people of Ekpoma town Edo State and also to other countries the problems of open deprecation which some people often refers to as going to the bush or bush shitting has persistently been difficult to address in Ekpoma town because of the unavailability of good public toilets and home toilet both in the cities and Local Government Communities or village areas. A lot of people live without proper sanitation in Ekpoma and those people have to decide on daily basis how to organize defection without felling ashamed or fear.

A pit latrines may or not be enjoyable experience to use. Problems may occurs when the pit latrine is shared by too many people, is not clearly daily and not emptied. When the pit is full in such cases, flies and odour can be a massive nuisance also, in such latrine are usually dark places which are difficult to keep clean. Often hand washing facilities are missing for those reasons, shared tries. Also there might be cultural pertinences for open defecation and those may be difficult to overcome with unattractive toilet designs.

1.1  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Sunsan (2013) viewed that pit toilet are one of the most common human excreta disposal system in low income countries and their use in on the rise as countries aim to meet the sanitation-related target of the millennium development goals. There is concern how over that the leaching of chemical and microbial contaminant from pit toilet to nearby ground water may negatively affect human health.

A lot of public toilet poses very serious problems to the people including the residents of Ekpoma Town, the problem of open defecation which some people often refer to as going to the bush or bush shitting has persistently been difficult to address in Ekpoma Town Edo State is that embarked the researcher to carry out this investigation in order to educate people of Ekpoma to know the impact of the public pit latrine system and its associated problems stated the study will sought answers  to the following research question.

1.3  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What level of knowledge do people have on the potential consequences of public pit toilet?
2. What is the sitting standard of public pit toilet in Ekpoma Town?

• What are the problems associated with public pit latrine system?

1. How could these problem associated with public pit latrine system?

1.4  PURPOSE/SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study focused to identify the impact of pit toilet on the residents of Ekpoma Town in Edo State interpret findings, analyze implication and convey high level result to national decision makers, for sustainable and environment of Ekpoma Town residence and other communities where pit toilets trends in on completion of the study. It will serve as a blue print for students/researchers topic in future or that may also want to further the study.

1.5  BROAD OBJECTIVES

The broad objective of the study is to identify the impact of public pit latrine system and its associated problems on the residents of Ekpoma Town and to improve ways of addressing menace (if any).

1.6  SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

1. To identify the knowledge gaps regarding the potential for and the consequences of public pit toilet system on citizens of Ekpoma Town.
2. To examine the sitting standard of public pit latrine in Ekpoma Town.

• To identify the problems with public pit latrine system.

1. To provide ways of addressing the problems associated with public latrine system.

1.7  DEFINITION OF THE TERMS

• Pit Latrine: A pit latrine is a type of toilet that collect human faces in a hole in the ground.
• Impact: This simple means the effects of public pit latrines system.
• Pathogens: Any disease causing micro organisms pathogens includes virus, rick, ettsiac and many bacteria fungi and protozoa.
• Pollution: Is an undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of natural environment.
• Out House: A small building such as shed outside man building a toilet in a small building of its own.
• Sludge: Is a periodically removed further decomposed by micro organisms and then sold as fertilizer or dumped.
• Nuisance: A thing, person or situation that is annoying or causes.
• Faecal: Consisting contained in or relating to the solid waste passed out of the of a human or animal through bowels.

Project – APPRAISING OF THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC TOILET SYSTEM ON HUMAN HEALTH IN EKPOMA, EDO STATE