Project – Attitude of parents towards the career choice of students in secondary school in kuje, FCT Abuja

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The career choices of secondary school students are significantly influenced by various factors, with parental attitudes playing a crucial role. In Kuje, FCT Abuja, the dynamics of parental influence are shaped by cultural, socio-economic, and educational backgrounds. According to Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, parents serve as primary role models, and their attitudes towards certain careers can profoundly impact their children’s career aspirations (Bandura, 1977). In many Nigerian communities, including Kuje, parents often prioritize careers in medicine, law, and engineering, which are traditionally seen as prestigious and financially rewarding (Salami, 2008). This preference can sometimes overshadow the students’ personal interests and aptitudes, leading to a potential mismatch between the students’ career choices and their inherent talents.

Research by Salami (2008) indicates that in many Nigerian households, parents’ educational levels and occupational statuses significantly influence their children’s career decisions. In Kuje, where educational attainment among parents varies widely, those with higher education levels are more likely to encourage their children to pursue professional careers. Conversely, parents with lower educational backgrounds might either push their children towards vocational careers or, in some cases, may not actively engage in their children’s career decision-making process. This disparity can create a diverse range of career aspirations among students, influenced heavily by their parents’ perspectives and experiences.

Furthermore, socio-economic status is another critical factor affecting parental attitudes towards career choices in Kuje. Families with higher socio-economic status often have more resources to support their children’s education and career aspirations, including access to better schools, extracurricular activities, and career counseling services (Okeke, 2000). These parents are more likely to encourage their children to aim for high-status professions. On the other hand, parents from lower socio-economic backgrounds might prioritize immediate financial stability over long-term career planning, sometimes urging their children to enter the workforce early or choose careers that require less educational investment.

Cultural expectations and societal norms also play a significant role in shaping parental attitudes towards career choices in Kuje. In many Nigerian cultures, there is a strong emphasis on family reputation and societal status, which can lead parents to pressure their children into careers that are deemed respectable and prestigious (Eze, 2011). This cultural pressure can sometimes conflict with the students’ personal interests and passions, leading to internal conflicts and stress. The cultural context in Kuje, therefore, adds another layer of complexity to the career decision-making process for secondary school students.

The role of gender cannot be overlooked when discussing parental attitudes towards career choices. In Kuje, as in many parts of Nigeria, traditional gender roles can influence the types of careers parents encourage their children to pursue. Research by Eze (2011) suggests that parents may have different expectations for their sons and daughters, often steering boys towards STEM fields and girls towards careers perceived as more ‘suitable’ for women, such as teaching or nursing. These gendered expectations can limit the career options available to students and reinforce existing gender disparities in various professional fields.

The attitude of parents towards the career choices of secondary school students in Kuje, FCT Abuja, is influenced by a complex interplay of educational, socio-economic, cultural, and gender factors. Understanding these influences is crucial for educators, policymakers, and career counselors who aim to support students in making informed and fulfilling career choices. By addressing these factors and promoting a more inclusive and supportive approach to career guidance, it is possible to help students in Kuje pursue careers that align with their interests and abilities, ultimately leading to greater personal and professional satisfaction.

• Statement of the Problem

The career choices of secondary school students in Kuje, FCT Abuja, are significantly influenced by their parents’ attitudes and perceptions. This influence can either be a source of support or a barrier to the students’ aspirations. Parents often have preconceived notions about certain careers based on their own experiences, societal expectations, and economic considerations. These notions can lead to a mismatch between the students’ interests and the careers they are encouraged to pursue. The problem arises when parents impose their preferences on their children, potentially stifling the students’ passion and leading to dissatisfaction and underperformance in their chosen fields.

In Kuje, the socio-economic background of families plays a crucial role in shaping parents’ attitudes towards career choices. Parents from lower socio-economic backgrounds may prioritize careers that are perceived to offer financial stability and job security, such as medicine, engineering, or law. This pragmatic approach, while well-intentioned, may overlook the individual talents and interests of the students. Conversely, parents from more affluent backgrounds might have the luxury to support unconventional or less financially secure career paths, but this is not always the case. The disparity in parental attitudes based on socio-economic status can create an uneven playing field for students, affecting their motivation and future success.

Cultural factors also contribute to the attitudes of parents in Kuje towards their children’s career choices. In many Nigerian communities, including Kuje, there is a strong emphasis on traditional roles and expectations. Careers in the arts, sports, or other non-traditional fields may be undervalued or discouraged. This cultural bias can limit students’ exposure to a diverse range of career options and hinder their ability to make informed decisions based on their interests and strengths. The pressure to conform to cultural expectations can lead to internal conflict and stress for students who wish to pursue non-traditional careers.

The educational system in Kuje, FCT Abuja, further complicates the issue. Schools often lack comprehensive career guidance programs that can help bridge the gap between parents’ expectations and students’ aspirations. Without proper guidance, students may struggle to articulate their career goals and navigate the complexities of career planning. This gap in support can exacerbate the tension between parents and students, leading to frustration and disengagement from the educational process. Effective career counseling programs are essential to provide students with the tools and information they need to make informed career choices.

Moreover, the rapid changes in the global job market add another layer of complexity to the problem. Parents may not be fully aware of emerging career opportunities and the skills required for future jobs. This lack of awareness can result in outdated advice and unrealistic expectations. Students in Kuje need access to up-to-date information about the evolving job market to make career choices that align with future trends. Bridging the knowledge gap between parents and students is crucial to ensure that career decisions are based on current and relevant information.

The attitudes of parents towards the career choices of secondary school students in Kuje, FCT Abuja, present a multifaceted problem that requires a holistic approach. Addressing this issue involves understanding the socio-economic, cultural, and educational factors that shape parental attitudes. It also necessitates the implementation of effective career guidance programs and efforts to keep both parents and students informed about the changing job market. By fostering a supportive environment that respects students’ interests and aspirations, it is possible to mitigate the negative impact of parental attitudes on career choices and promote a more fulfilling and successful future for the students.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine the attitude of parents towards the career choice of students in secondary school in kuje, FCT Abuja. The specific objectives are:

1. To assess the level of support parents provide to their children in making career choices.
2. To examine the influence of parental expectations on students’ career decisions.
3. To identify there is any barrier faced by students in discussing their career choices with their parents.
4. To explore the role of parental guidance in shaping students’ career aspirations.

• Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What is the level of support that parents provide to their children in making career choices?
2. How do parental expectations influence students’ career decisions?
3. What barriers do students face in discussing their career choices with their parents?
4. How does parental guidance shape students’ career aspirations?

• Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is buttressed below:

Ho: Parental guidance will not shape students’ career aspirations

H1: Parental guidance will shape students’ career aspirations

 

1.6. Significance of the Study

The significance of studying the attitude of parents towards the career choices of students in secondary schools in Kuje, FCT Abuja, is multifaceted and deeply impactful. Firstly, understanding parental attitudes provides valuable insights into the socio-cultural dynamics that influence students’ career decisions. In many communities, parents play a pivotal role in shaping their children’s aspirations and choices. By examining these attitudes in Kuje, educators and policymakers can better appreciate the local context and the specific factors that drive parental expectations and preferences. This understanding is crucial for developing tailored career guidance programs that resonate with both students and their families.

 

Secondly, the study highlights the potential conflicts or alignments between students’ career aspirations and their parents’ expectations. In many cases, students may have personal interests and talents that differ from the careers their parents envision for them. This misalignment can lead to stress, reduced motivation, and even academic underperformance. By identifying these areas of conflict, the study can inform interventions that help bridge the gap between students’ ambitions and parental expectations, fostering a more supportive environment for career development.

 

Moreover, the research can shed light on the broader educational and economic implications of parental attitudes. In Kuje, like many other regions, the career choices of students can significantly impact the local economy and workforce development. If parents predominantly encourage careers in certain fields, it may lead to an oversupply or undersupply of professionals in those areas. Understanding these trends can help policymakers and educational institutions to balance career guidance efforts, ensuring a more diversified and sustainable workforce that meets the community’s needs.

Additionally, the study can contribute to the development of more effective communication strategies between schools and parents. Often, parents may not be fully aware of the range of career opportunities available to their children or the evolving job market demands. By identifying gaps in knowledge and misconceptions, educators can design outreach programs that provide parents with up-to-date information and resources, enabling them to make more informed decisions and support their children’s career choices more effectively.

Furthermore, the research can have a positive impact on students’ self-efficacy and career readiness. When students feel supported and understood by their parents, they are more likely to pursue their interests with confidence and determination. The study can highlight best practices and successful case studies where parental support has positively influenced students’ career outcomes. These examples can serve as models for other families, encouraging a more open and supportive dialogue about career choices.

Lastly, the significance of this study extends to the broader educational policy and curriculum development. Insights gained from the research can inform the design of career education programs that are culturally relevant and responsive to the needs of the Kuje community. By integrating parental perspectives into these programs, schools can create a more holistic approach to career guidance that not only addresses students’ aspirations but also aligns with the values and expectations of their families. This alignment can lead to more cohesive and effective educational strategies that ultimately benefit the entire community.

1.7. Scope of the Study

The study examines the attitude of parents towards the career choice of students in secondary school in kuje, FCT Abuja. The study is limited to selected Secondary schools in Kuje, FCT Abuja.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

Attitude: An attitude is a settled way of thinking or feeling about something, typically reflected in a person’s behavior. It encompasses a range of emotions, beliefs, and predispositions towards particular ideas, objects, people, or situations. Attitudes can be positive, negative, or neutral and can significantly influence decision-making and actions.

Parents: Parents are the caregivers and guardians of a child. They can be biological, adoptive, or step-parents, and they play a crucial role in the upbringing and development of their children. Parents are responsible for providing emotional, social, and financial support, as well as guidance and education to help their children grow into responsible and capable adults.

Career Choice: Career choice refers to the process of choosing a profession or occupation based on various factors such as personal interests, skills, values, and opportunities. It is a significant decision that can impact an individual’s future job satisfaction, financial stability, and overall life fulfillment. Career choices are often influenced by external factors, including family expectations, societal norms, and educational opportunities.

Students: Students are individuals who are engaged in learning, typically within an educational institution such as a school, college, or university. They actively participate in academic activities to acquire knowledge, develop skills, and achieve educational goals. Students can vary in age, background, and level of education, ranging from primary school children to adult learners.

Secondary School: Secondary school is an educational institution that serves students in the intermediate stage between primary school and higher education, usually covering grades 7 through 12. In many educational systems, secondary school is divided into lower secondary (junior high or middle school) and upper secondary (high school). The curriculum often includes a broad range of subjects, preparing students for higher education or vocational training.

Project – Attitude of parents towards the career choice of students in secondary school in kuje, FCT Abuja