Project – PARENTING STYLES ON ADOLESCENT JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Adolescent juvenile delinquency has garnered significant attention in both psychological and sociological research, particularly concerning the influence of parenting styles. Parenting styles, categorized as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful, play a crucial role in shaping adolescent behavior and development. Research indicates that different parenting approaches can lead to varying outcomes in adolescent conduct, with some styles being more conducive to delinquency than others (Baumrind, 1991; Maccoby & Martin, 1983).
Authoritative parenting, characterized by high levels of warmth and appropriate behavioral expectations, has been associated with lower levels of juvenile delinquency. Studies suggest that adolescents raised in authoritative households tend to exhibit higher self-esteem, better emotional regulation, and stronger social skills, which are protective factors against engaging in delinquent behaviors (Steinberg, 2001). Conversely, the authoritarian style, which is defined by high demands and low responsiveness, often leads to rebellion and resistance in adolescents, increasing the likelihood of delinquency (Lamborn et al., 1991).
Permissive parenting, marked by high levels of warmth but low behavioral expectations, has been linked to an increase in adolescent delinquency. Adolescents from permissive homes may struggle with self-discipline and impulse control, making them more susceptible to engaging in risky behaviors (Kauffman, 2009). Research shows that such children may lack the necessary skills to navigate peer pressure and societal norms effectively, resulting in higher delinquent acts (Baumrind, 1991).
Neglectful parenting, which combines low warmth and low expectations, is perhaps the most detrimental to adolescent development. Studies have shown that neglectful parenting correlates strongly with increased rates of delinquency and criminal behavior. Adolescents who experience neglect often develop feelings of low self-worth and maladaptive coping mechanisms, which can lead to delinquent behavior as a means of seeking attention or belonging (Loeber & Farrington, 1998; Egeland et al., 2002).
In addition to the direct impact of parenting styles, the broader context of family dynamics, including parental conflict, economic stress, and family structure, plays a significant role in adolescent behavior. For instance, families experiencing high levels of conflict may foster an environment that normalizes aggression and delinquency (Cummings & Davies, 2002). Similarly, economic hardship has been shown to exacerbate negative parenting practices, leading to increased instances of juvenile delinquency (McLoyd, 1998).
Project – PARENTING STYLES ON ADOLESCENT JUVENILE DELINQUENCY