Project – Comparative study of biological and physicochemical quality assessment of raw and treated water in Challawa water treatment plant

Abstract

This study presents a comparative assessment of the biological and physicochemical quality of raw and treated water at the Challawa Water Treatment Plant in Kano State. Weekly sampling was conducted over a specified period to analyze key parameters, including temperature, pH, and turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The results revealed dynamic variations in water quality, with fluctuations in turbidity levels suggesting periodic contamination events, and TDS showing considerable variability, possibly influenced by the influx of domestic sewage. Conductivity readings aligned with TDS variations, reflecting changes in ion concentration. Dissolved Oxygen concentrations exhibited relative stability, though site-specific variations were noted. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and effective management strategies to maintain water quality standards at the Challawa Water Treatment Plant. Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring the provision of safe and reliable water for various domestic and industrial purposes

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Water is the first mineral resource in the world that is crucial for the survival of humanity, animal and plant kingdom. (Jean-Claude, 2018).  In recent years, human activity has considerably changed the biological and physicochemical quality of water in our Mediterranean region. (Lehneret al., 2011). This situation is due to the introduction of important mineral and organic pollutants from agricultural (fertilizer), industrial and domestic discharges.(Margatet al., 2014). These pollutants pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and associated biodiversity. They reduce the volumes of clean water available to people and also cause disease, eutrophication in the water reserves and affects ecological balance. Water quality assessment is often carried out using “classical” methods that measure a series of physicochemical parameters and then compared with proven standards. This approach has shown their usefulness but also has its limitations (Thomas, 2015). To measure the effects of water pollution, the classical approach (physicochemical parameters) can be complemented by biological monitoring that consists of using living organisms (biological indicators: e.g. Microorganisms, Plants or Animals).

Challawa River in Kano State suffers contamination from agricultural, industrial, and domestic sources, endangering public health. This project aims to assess the Biological and physicochemical quality of raw and treated water at Challawa water treatment plant. By evaluating essential parameters and comparing them with World Health Organization standards, the study strives to provide crucial insights for sustainable water management, ensuring safe water access and preserving the ecosystem’s health

1.1  Aim This study aim to compare the biological and physicochemical quality of raw and treated water in Challawa water treatment plant in Kano state, ensuring it meets the required health standards.

1.2 Objectives

1. To measure the physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and heavy metal content of water quality in Challawa raw and treated water
2. To determine the biological properties such as presence of blue algae, e.g cyanobacteria, anabaena, Nostucetcas indicator of water quality in Challawa raw and treated water

1.3 Statement of the Research Problem

The pollution of Challawa River raises concerns about the quality and safety of the water supply. The rising demand for water, coupled with contamination, necessitates a comprehensive assessment to identify pollutants and implement effective remediation strategies.

1.4 Justification

Ensuring access to safe drinking water is crucial for public health. Contaminated water can lead to various diseases and long-term health issues. By conducting this study, will contribute to safeguarding public health and enhancing the overall well-being of the community.

Project – Comparative study of biological and physicochemical quality assessment of raw and treated water in Challawa water treatment plant