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Full Project – Design and implementation of an automated land information system

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Land is one of most important assets and its value cannot be over emphasized. In Nigeria land ownership can be classified into two main batch; public lands and private lands. Public lands are lands which are vested in the president for public use. Private lands are those owned by customary communities and those owned by private individuals. Customary lands are owned by Stools, Skins, Families or Clans and the heads of the respective groups hold the land in trust for the benefit of members of that group. Private individual ownership of land can be acquired by way of a grant, sale, gift or marriage. Majority of land in Nigeria are governed by the customary land law as about 80% of the land falls under the customary lands classification (Alhassan, 2006). This makes the customary land system and its accompanying information very important and ready access to customary land information by all stake holders in customary lands, especially the general populace is imperative to the success of customary land administration. In Nigeria most land related litigations are as result of multiple sales of a particular piece of land or buying a piece of land from a false owner. A common phenomenon is the presence of land litigation due to the ignorance of some traditional landholders to keep records of lands that has been allocated (Arko-Adjei, 2006).

Past governments have made a number of interventions to statutorily regulate the customary land tenure system in Nigeria but it has not been successful. Land related conflicts and litigations; multiple grants of a particular parcel of land to different tenants, haphazard development, and maltreatment of tenant-farmers, fraud and lack of accountability among others have over the years characterized customary land administration (Tagoe&Mantey, 2011). These problems bring to bear the need for customary land information system, as most lands in Nigeria falls under the category of customary lands.

Land use, land valuation, is among the oldest questions in economic theory, (Shavell, 2004). Land is an essential input (factor of production) for agriculture, and agriculture is by far the most important economic activity in preindustrial societies. With the advent of industrialization, important new uses for land emerge, as sites for factories, warehouses, offices, and urban agglomerations. Also, the value of real property taking the form of man-made structures and machinery increases relative to the value of land alone. The concept of real property eventually comes to encompass effectively all forms of tangible fixed capital. With the rise of extractive industries, real property comes to encompass natural capital. With the rise of tourism and leisure, real property comes to include scenic and other amenity values.

Starting in the 1960s, as part of the emerging field of law and economics, economists and legal scholars began to study the property rights enjoyed by tenants under the various estates, and the economic benefits and costs of the various estates, (Epstein,2007). This resulted in a much improved understanding of the property rights enjoyed by tenants under the various estates. These include the right to:

Decide how a piece of real property is used;
Exclude others from enjoying the property;
Transfer (alienate) some or all of these rights to others on mutually agreeable terms;
Nature and consequences of transaction costs when changing and transferring estates.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Poor planned of Lands e.g.; Land size, Land location, Land owners, Land use information.
Destruction of lives and property due to cost of information.
Misplacement of information due to manual process
Keeping record of lands and their owners has been a great task to government and the governed.
Access to land information proves difficult that most times people are defrauded due to lack of land information.
Illegal sales of lands without the consent of the owner are very common.
Certificate of occupancy is usually a problem. Litigation which results to death and destruction
Valuation of land for the purpose of paying tax to government is not achieved. Hence the need for computerization of land information system.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to design software that will keep information on land. With the following objectives:

To develop a system that will keep the record of Land size, Land location, Land name, descriptive adjourning features of land.
To develop a system that will keep the record of Land price, descriptive adjourning features of land.
To design an automated system to ensure land information is secure.
To assist the prospective buyers to ascertain the ownership and availability of the property.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The project work will help in a good number of ways to make land information available to users. The software developed can:

Keep a database of all the lands in a town
Enable retrieval of land information
Guide buyers on how to buy and who to meet
Educate buyers on the type of house to build in an area for proper town planning.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is limited to land information storage and retrieval using ministry of land and housing Ijebu-jesa as a case study. The software developed will be carried out using PHP and MYSQL to manage the database. Due to technical difficulties, limited access to confidential data, the information gathered was limited to house acquisition, usage and property ownership laws. All aspects left out were due to time and also confidentiality of some property documents.

1.6 DEFINATION OF TERMS

Databases: A systematically arranged collection of computer data, structured so that it can be automatically retrieved or manipulated. It is also called databank.

Free tail: Under common law, this is hereditary, non-transferable ownership of real property.

Feudal land ownership: a system of mutual obligations under which a royal or noble personage granted a fiefdom.

Life Estate: Under common law, this is an interest in real property that ends at death.

Leasehold or rental: Under both common law and civil law land may be leased or rented by its owner to another party; a wide range of arrangements are possible, ranging from very short terms to the 99-year leases, allowing various degrees of freedom in the use of the property.

Property: is any physical or intangible entity that is owned by a person or jointly by a group of person.

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