Full Project – MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH SCHOOLS

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Abstract

This study is an attempt to investigate the management and administration of the apostolic church schools Uyo field. Management and administration involves the formulation of objectives, the process of planning, organizing, staffing, executing, coordinating, evaluating, controlling, and motivating with view to attain the objectives and final involving to improve the functioning for future. Thus, considering the invaluable roles and contributions of education to meaningful individual, social and national development, it becomes highly imperative that its effective and efficient management by competent administrators should be of utmost national concern. This study seeks to investigate the effects of management on the development of education in Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this study, the ex-post facto research design was adopted as most appropriate to determine the impact of education management on educational growth in Nigeria. Using the simple random sampling (SRS) technique, the researchers sampled 200 staffs and students from Apostolic Church Schools in Uyo field. The researchers employed questionnaire of the modified four Likert scale of strongly agreed, agreed, disagreed, and strongly disagreed to elicit the vital data needed in the study. The data collected was analyzed using the Chi-square estimation technique. The result obtained revealed that Apostolic church schools do contribute significantly to the educational sector in Akwa Ibom State. The study then recommended that The School management of Apostolic Church schools should make it possible for the poor and the middle class to be able to have access into the school in terms of education.

                                               CHAPTER ONE

                                             INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background to the Study

Education is expected to produce sensible, reasonable, refined and responsible being or a group of people either for an individual or group development of either his/her self or the society. All over the world, education has been discovered and accepted as the bedrock of all-round developments of both human beings and their society. United Nations Organization emphasizes the need to train every child in the world. Africa, being one of the seventh continents in the world is trying her best despite the facts that she has a lot of challenges everywhere. While Nigeria with the population of about 170 million people knowing the importance of education, has been running free education in some parts of the country for a very long time (Ajodo, 2013).

School management and administration can simply be understood in a simple statement as ‘looking after the complete affairs related to school. In fact it is the managerial skill for smooth functioning and execution. Also from the Glossary of Education (2012), the concept of school administration is viewed as the task of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling human or material resources within a school, college, or university. This definition directly points to the fact that a school has its own administrative team that are saddled with the task of planning, organizing, directing and controlling. These teams of administrators found in the schools system include the principal as the head of school administration, followed by the vice principal(s), the Head of Departments, form masters and subject teachers, as it is in the case of secondary level of education in Nigeria. In his contribution, Johnson (2012) explains that school administration is the school’s main governing body, and it plays a major part in making decisions related to students, faculty and the school’s overall status. There are several approaches to school administration, depending on the school’s nature. The administration oversees the school’s development as .well as the welfare of its students and staff. More often, they are also the only entity that bridge the relationship between the schools and the communities.

The administration of a school institution has the responsibility for bringing together various resources and allocating them effectively to accomplish the general goals of the institution (National Teachers Institute (NTI, 2006). Nigeria, like other nations of the world has an obligation to prepare her citizens for life in a world that is characterized by rapid social, economic, political and technological changes. The relevant levels of government have been investing a substantive resource in setting up educational institutions for this purpose (NOUN, 2010). It is believed by most people, that the involvement of church leaders in the establishment of schools is basically to assist in the upbringing of upright children who will be morally fit to live their lives and govern the society well; help to reduce the observed long queue of students seeking admission, enforcement of merit in the course of offering admission/employment of personnel, considerable/moderate/affordable school fees etc simply because the best hands in all the professional and non -professional careers that the country had had till date have been products of missionaries schools.

The Nigerian educational system was monopolized by Christian missionaries in the early years. The missionaries first settled in the southern parts of Nigeria and then spread into the hinterland and gradually northwards. The dual responsibility of bringing to Nigeria the Christian religion and Western education fell upon the Christian missionaries from Europe, America and Sierra Leone (Ajayi, 1965). Historically, any attempt to deal with issue of school’s administration in Nigeria can be gleaned from three (3) perspectives, thus:

1. Administration of schools by Missions
2. Government involvement in Education administration
3. School’s administration derived from educational administration.

Clarifying the above, what can be regarded as school administration started with the missionaries internally running their schools without government’s involvement. Later on, the scope of administration was enlarged beyond school administration to educational administration with the colonial government’s involvement through policy formulation and overall legislation and management of entire education by the government till today. From these government legislations and management of Nigeria education, the school administration at that level sourced its operations and instrumentality. Issue concerning school administration is not recent but it is as old as the introduction of formal education and schooling in Nigeria.

A school is an institution designed for the attitude modification and teaching of students under the direction of teachers. It is a place or institution for teaching and learning established for the purpose of education (Musgrave, 1978). Nearly all countries have systems of formal education, which is universally compulsory. A school system is an establishment including the plant and equipment for providing education from kindergarten through high school (NOUN, 2008). The primary goal of any school system is to provide the society with the requisite manpower for development and to enhance quality of the living conditions of their products. The democratization of education in the country has led to remarkable increase in the number of schools all over the nation that almost every community in Nigeria has either a primary or secondary schools or both while some have tertiary institutions which people recognize as places of acquiring relevant knowledge.

Education in the 21^st century is no doubt a vehicle that drives every society towards development and healthy living. In a nut shell, healthy living here has to do with living above the level of ignorance, illiteracy and poverty. In a country like Nigeria for example where there are over 170 million inhabitants, it has been observed that in some areas like in Akwa Ibom State, some people are still far from being educated which is not in the best interest of the country if it must transit into a developed society. Education, they say “is light and failure to live and work in this light, could promote a major setback for her country, as the growth of her economy could be tampered wing to the citizens who are not well enlightened. Osokoya in his article, “education and National development”, the Nigerian perspectives opines that all schools at various levels are expected to educate future leaders and develop the high level of technical capacities needed for economic growth and development (Osokoya, 2014).

However, while the missionaries brought with them education in the 19^th century as a medium to evangelize Nigeria for Christianity (Fafunwa, 2015), it has been observed that the South Western part of the country which comprises the Yoruba speaking people were enthusiastic and made good use of this golden opportunity. This in one way have contributed to the right level of industrialization and the establishment of a good number of schools at various levels of learning in this culture zone.

While the government took over the responsibility of the education of her citizens from the church, the Christian church has not relented in the establishment of schools in Nigeria. Today in Akwa Ibom State, the Apostolic Church have established a good number of primary and secondary schools as well as tertiary institutions in Nigeria and extended this endeavour to promote the development of education which will bring about the growth of the Nigerian society. Hence, it is against the background of this study that the management and administration of the apostolic church schools in Uyo field would be explored.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The decline in the quality and standard of education in Nigeria is alarming. Poor management is one of the problems affecting the success of schools established by churches in Nigeria. The numerous established schools from the early missionaries which has been set as a legacy are gradually fading away due to poor management. Many established primary, secondary and higher institutions by Pentecostal churches in the states and local governments are deteriorating rapidly due to the handing over of the reins of management into wrong hands, ridiculing the objectives of these church sponsored schools. In Nigeria, Federal, States and Privately owned institutions have some basic common problems among them, namely: lack of fear/believe in God, Poor funding, inadequate staff and facilities (glorified secondary schools), discrimination in the offering of employment of staff and admission to students, living condition, labour organization, working condition, wage level, opportunity for further education, deviation from the norms of those days missionaries established and ownership of schools. Some church owned schools in Nigeria has out-performed some government owned schools in an excellent manner. This has increased the awareness and patronage for church-sponsored schools in Nigeria. The greatest challenges facing education is inadequate funding by Federal, State and Local Government. Statistics shows that Federal Government expenditure on education between 2000 and 2010 has been below 10 percent of overall expenditure. This adversely affected the quality-quantity control especially in Christian education ministry. Nigerian educational system at all levels lacked teachers and basic infrastructures (Ige, 2011). A typical Nigerian school suffer from inadequate funding, over-crowding poor sanitation, poor management and poor intersectional allocation other features are abandoned capital projects, poor conditions of service. These most times have led to closure of schools and strikes in the state. The attendant and composite effects are poor quality of teaching and poor quality of product. This study found this to be the major problems facing Education management and administration in Nigeria. It is against these backdrop that this study was conducted to investigate management and administration of the apostolic church schools in Uyo field.

1.3   Objectives of the Study

The primary aim of this study is to examine management and administration of the apostolic church schools in Uyo field. The specific objectives are;

1. To determine the prevalence of church-sponsored schools in Akwa Ibom State.
2. To examine the impact of church administration on the effective management of Apostolic church schools in Uyo field.
3. To examine the administrative performance of Apostolic church schools Uyo field.
4. To investigate the influence of administration on the development of education in Apostolic Church Schools in Uyo field.

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