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Full Project – Online-based examination system

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

An online examination system is a web application that establishes a network between the organization and applicants. The academic institution enters on the site the questions they want in the exam. These questions are displayed as a test to the eligible students. The answers inputted by the applicants are then evaluated and their score is calculated and saved. This score then can be accessed by the institution to evaluate their performance. Questions are posted not by the site, but by owners of the site (Osang, 2013).

Online assessment in education is vital since a single set of tests or assessments can be attempted on many devices at the same time. The answers can be automatically graded and the responses are scored in auto generated report. The offline test, though a single set of test cannot be taken on two devices simultaneously; the responses are stored in a data base, the grades are assigned manually and the report are prepared much later. As powerful and as ideal computer based assessment has been, however, it has been based on the assumption that testees demonstrate what they know and can do, but construct irrelevant factors such as disengagement, test anxiety, and cheating threaten the validity of inferences (Mustapha, 2015).

According to Maedche (2012), in a typical online examination system, the questions are strict and set with care. Although the exam questions is in the multiple choice format (objectives), the questions are chosen at random. All students have the same questions but the order of questions is different. Since the order of the question differs on each computer, the motive in students to cheat is reduced. Cheating at examinations is unacceptable. It is common knowledge that people are likely to cheat in a network environment but this is wrong as cheating at examinations is unacceptable as it affects the fairness of an examination. This situation implies that to overcome the tendency to cheat is the major challenge in online examinations. Despite the pitfalls, online examination is very important and useful as it breaks the barrier of distance and different geographical location. Applicants from all over the world can access the system thereby giving the examiners a good chance to identify highly intelligent prospective staff.

According to Yu, Hsiao and Cho (2014), online examinations are convenient, and fast. Online examination has three main purposes:

To allow test-takers at different places to take the test at the same time through the online examination website.
Through careful planning and proper coding, enable tests, grading and to check results on the website.
To integrate database with the program, allowing teachers easy addition of questions and creation of tests.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Online Examination System is a technology-driven way to simplify examination activities like defining exam patterns with question banks, defining exam timer, objective/ subjective question sections, conducting exams using the computer or mobile devices in a paperless manner. Online Examination System is a cost-effective, scalable way to convert traditional pen and paper-based exams to online and paperless mode. Candidates can appear for the exam using any desktop, laptop, or mobile device with a browser. Exam results can be generated instantly for the objective type of questions. It can simplify overall examination management and result in generation activity.

In educational institutions, tests are conducted to evaluate the academic progress of learners; review, compare and measure the effectiveness of methods of instruction; serve as basis of guidance and counselling to students, selection for prize award and employment and grading for the purpose of certification. In the context of education system, one possible purpose of a test is to assess whether a learner has attained an educational goal. The outcome of such a test can help instructors analyze problems with his method(s) of instruction and to better understand the learner’s strengths and weaknesses in a given subject. Test can be used to fine-tune the instruction environment or method based on the analytical results to improve the instructor’s teaching performance (Chen, et. al., 2015).

Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara was established through a bill that was signed into law by Governor James OnanefeIbori in November 2002. The Otefe-Oghara polytechnic has schools that offer National Diplomas in Business Studies (Accountancy, Banking and Finance and Business Administration, Office Technology and management and Mass Communication), Applied Sciences and Technology (Computer Science, Science laboratory technology and Statistics), and Engineering (Computer Engineering, Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Welding and fabrication). It also has a School of Preliminary Studies that introduces all students to Business Studies and Science Technology (Wikipedia.org).

Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara is a manifestation of an excellently conceptualized and articulated vision delivered for the benefit of humanity for entrepreneurial acquisition and advancement. The motto of technology for entrepreneurship underscores the fact of talent and technology skills advancement as tool for critical wealth creation. It therefore explains the role of entrepreneurial and technological skills in creating the abilities, courage, capabilities and managerial competences necessary for economic growth and wealth creation within and beyond Delta State.

The mandate of the Polytechnic is to train and empower graduates who will be highly successful professionals armed with all the sufficient skills that are critical to the work place of the 21st century (www.oghrapoly.edu.ng).

The aim is to achieve the status of excellence in computing and information technology
Qualitative training in specific areas of technology and entrepreneurship as a way of providing opportunity for students to take advantage of their inherent talent and theoretical skills to generate needed entrepreneurial ventures and wealth.
Acquisition of entrepreneurship training and technology education which forms the bedrock for industrialization, growth, development and wealth creation. This in turn will help all Nigerians and the global communities as students create industries and jobs associated with their skills.

According to the National Board of Technical Education (NBTE, 2018), the Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe, Delta State was ranked the 20th best polytechnic in Nigeria with percentage score of 53.85%, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State was ranked as the 29th with pass score of 51.54%. However, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro was ranked the 47th with pass score of 47.69%.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In the present system various challenges such as includes inconvenience and distance. The currents is that which involves huge cost of money in printing thousands of question papers, thousand of answer sheets and other running costs. The current system also contains a lot of stress in the collation center which often leads to missing scripts and therefore having adverse effect of the victim students.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

In this study, the aim is to implement a computer based examination systems in the Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe. The objectives of the study are as follows:

To provide a system of examination that will be fast and reliable
To examine the concept of computer based examination systems
To examine various related literatures on the importance and benefits of implementing a computer based examination system

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In implementing the objectives of this study, the result of this study will erase lots of problems associated with the manual examination system. The study will benefit institution since it will enable users to access examination digitally without the inconveniences of printing booklets or closely watching students against malpractices. The system is also justified by the feature of time management and speed of result preparation.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is focused on assessment of the importance of implementing an online entrance examination system in Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe.

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The questions can be altered or leaked by any individual that has access to the software. No individual can be able to access the result without the aid of the teacher of that particular class.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

COMPUTER BASED TEST: In computer-based testing (CBT), computer technology is employed, which means the candidates use computers to answer questions presented on the monitor. The test-taker submits the answer using a keyboard or a mouse.

ASSESSMENT: An instrument (e.g. an on-screen examination) used to make a judgement about learning, skills acquisition or educational readiness or need against a set of pre-determined criteria.

ADAPTIVE FEEDBACK: Feedback given to students on an assessment item, where the feedback is modified according to the student’s response , particularly where the response was marked as incorrect, and typically aims to provide guidance on why the answer was wrong.

DIGITAL LOGBOOKS: An online record of practice experience and skills that are assessed. The logbook often complements formal examinations.

OBJECTIVE QUESTION: A test item in which the response is evaluated against objective criteria. This might be a single simple response, such as in a multiple choice item where the criterion is whether the student has made a correct selection.

ONLINE/OFFLINE ASSESSMENT APPLICATION: The ability to capture and assess evidence of learning and skills to an e-portfolio when àn internet connection is unavailable and for this evidence and assessments to be added to the e-portfolio once an internet connection is established.

OPTICAL MARK READER: A device that scans paper-based tests and converts marks made by the student using pen or pencil into digital data.

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