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Full Project – Repair of computer system – case study of hard disk and mouse

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

A computer is a programmable machine designed to perform arithmetic and logical operations automatically and sequentially on the input given by the user and gives the desired output after processing. A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program. It has the ability to accept data (input), process it, and then produce outputs. The earliest digital electronic device that could be defined as the first modern computer is the Colossus. Built in 1943-44, the Colossus was devised to crack the Lorenz SZ 40/42, a German encryption machine used to support military communications during World War II. In 1640s, Computer term was first used as “one who calculates.” From 1897, term changed and got a new computer meaning “Calculating machine“. From 1945 the term indicates as “programmable digital electronic computer.

The device used 2,400 vacuum tubes to perform multiple boolean logical operations to decode encrypted data. Modern computers come in all shapes and sizes to perform a broad range of different functions. Although the first ones that come to mind are desktop and laptop computers, many other less-assuming devices such as grocery scanners, ATMs, and smart TVs are computers as well. The diffusion of smartphones, game consoles, wearables, and smart appliances made computers much more readily available in our daily life.

A computer is made up of multiple parts and components that facilitate user functionality. Computer components are divided into two major categories namely hardware and software. Hardware is the machine itself and its connected devices such as monitor, keyboard, mouse etc. Software are the set of programs that make use of hardware for performing various functions.

Generally following Computer hardware components are required

Memory: It is a physical device (integrated circuits or chip) that enables a computer to store data and programs temporarily or permanently. It is also term as “primary storage”.
Mass storage device(MSD): It is used to store large amounts of data for example hard disks, USB drive, CD-ROM etc.
Input device: It is any hardware device like keyboard and mouse that sends data to a computer.
Output device: It is a device that sends data from a computer to another device.
• CPU(Central Processing Unit): It is also referred to as a processor or brains of a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer system.

Source: Nelly (2015)

System software controls a computer’s internal functioning, chiefly through an operating system, and also controls such peripherals as monitors, printers, and storage devices. Application software, by contrast, directs the computer to execute commands given by the user and may be said to include any program that processes data for a user. Application software thus includes word processors, spreadsheets, database management, inventory and payroll programs, and many other “applications.” A third software category is that of network software, which coordinates communication between the computers linked in a network.

Software is typically stored on an external long-term memory device, such as a hard drive or magnetic diskette. When the program is in use, the computer reads it from the storage device and temporarily places the instructions in random access memory (RAM). The process of storing and then performing the instructions is called “running,” or “executing,” a program. By contrast, software programs and procedures that are permanently stored in a computer’s memory using a read-only (ROM) technology are called firmware, or “hard software.”

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Hard Disk, also called Hard Disk Drive, is a non-volatile memory hardware device. Hard disk work is to permanently store and retrieve computer data. They are called non-volatile device, which can store any type of data in the computer for a long time. That is, the computer keeps the data safe even after power off. Hard Disk is also called Secondary Storage Device. It exists inside a computer case (CPU) and is connected to the computer motherboard using data cables, Wikipedia (2018).

According to Nelly (2015), hard disk uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information. That is why it is also called Electro-mechanical data storage device. The hard disk consists of one or more circular rotating disks to store the data. Each platter has a very thin strip, which is made using magnetic material. There are many tracks and sectors present in these platters and it rotates through the spindle. When the platter starts rotating, a Read / Write arm in the Hard Disk moves it from right to left. Its job is to read data and write data from platter. The faster the spindle rotates the platter, the faster the data will be stored in the Hard Disk.

Stevenson (2015) stated that the hard drive of a computer is a device that stores all the software installed on a computer, as well as all the data files created and used by this software. This includes any documents you have created and downloaded, such as photos and music. The hard drive is a form of permanent storage, rather than temporary memory such as random-access memory (RAM). This means that when you turn off the computer, the files remain safely stored on the drive so you can use them again the next time you start your computer.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The hard drive saves these items, alongside the software and files that allow you to easily use and interact with your computer, including the operating system.

When you open an application or document, your computer accesses it from the hard drive. Larger files or programs can take longer to access because the computer needs to retrieve the information from the hard drive before presenting it to you in a useable way. One of the signs of bad hard disk is continuous freezing of the computer, sharp sound buzzing when system is turned on, your keyboard and mouse suddenly become unresponsive and the PC just freezes. All these are problems initiated by hard disk which can result system crashing and losing all important files. Also, with a faulty mouse, the system may not be functionally controlled and thus it just become nothing else but a display monitor, therefore, it is important to fix the issues of faulty hard disk to prevent system from crashing and mouse repair to be able to operate the system effectively.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to repair and maintain a computer system with hard disk and mouse problems.

The objectives of this study include;

To understand major symptoms of a faulty hard disk
To understand diagnostic procedure for basic system problems

To troubleshoot various alternatives of maintaining or repairing a faulty hard disk and mouse in a computer system

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will highlight the causes, effects and damages of bad hard disk and mouse to a computer system. Significantly, the result of the study is important to PC users and the general public because it will indicate possible “do it yourself” fixture that will enable computer users diagnose the issues of hard disk failure and possibly fix it on their own using the guide that the result of the study will outline.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers the repair and maintenance of a computer system diagnosed of hard disk and mouse malfunctioning issues.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The limitation of the study is as follows;

The implementation of this study requires a basic computer and technological knowledge
The possibility of individuals replacing a faulty hard disk with a non-compatible one is likely to occur

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

HARDWARE: Computer hardware is the physical components that a computer system requires to function.

SOFTWARE: A set of instructions that directs a computer’s hardware to perform a task is called a program, or software program.

REPAIR: This is an act of restoring a system or unit into its initial functional state of operation.

MAINTENANCE: maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, governmental, and residential installations.

COMPUTER: an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.

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