Full Project – ROUTE SURVEY AND DESIGN OF PAREMENT OF ROAD

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CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

For effective design and control of the road system by w\engineers, there is demand of a close study of human behaviour with an understanding of the limitation of human performance in the varied circumstances of the road environment.

The following factors has to be s\considered

The road user

The vehicle

The road environment

These form a complex interactive system where performance is measured in terms of worthwhile investment leading to user confidence and acceptability, which in turn enable balance to be draw between physical and legislature control

Each individual has certain basic physical attributes such as bearing, vision, strength, and mobility, all of which are amenable to measurement. under different circumstances, and at different times, the measured values of these characteristics may well vary with an individual according to imposed condition such as fatigue cramp cold or changed o\psychological state.

Well-designed roads and vehicles, suitable for their environment, help to limit variability and together with better reduces possibility of poor performance.

Factors, which influence behaviours, are

a. Motivation

b. Environmental influence

c. Education

1.1. 1 DESIGN APPLICATION

Road user factor must be at the forefront of design and the following points should be noted. Higher operating speeds require more adequate warning devices located nearer to minimum, clearing demarcating intended vehicles and pedestrian path.

1.1.2.1 THE VEHICLE

For many purpose, the vehicle has less characteristic than road users and in any event, these feature can be legislating controlled within defined limit.

1.1.2  VISIBILITY

It has already been stated that situation perception is essential and this vehicles body must interfere as little as possible with filed of view

1.01.4  THE ROAD

The alignment of a road is a major factor in determining how safely and efficiently it will meet the traffic demand. Alignment are dependent on the topography, the nature of the traffic and the functional use of the road .it is essential that their horizontal and vertical profiles be considered together in a three- dimensional process giving the road a flowing alignment, which enhance both safety and visual appreciation.

1.2. SCOPE OF PROJECT

The scope of work comprises mainly re-design of the entire six hundred twenty meters (620m) road and modification of road curves

The available material that were used for the project are information from textbooks, journals and periodical were fruitfully utilized soiltest and route surveys were carried out.

1.3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The deteriorating nature of the roads has made movement in the environment uneasy, the need for easing and improving the flow of traffic on this access road has risen, since the road linked to a commercial center (ie industrial center IMT) in the institution. The project is aimed at studying the nature of the road. It is also aimed at re-designing and modifying a suitable road for easy flow of traffic and enable it perform it’s function for the present and future.

The  overall objective  is to allow the movement of the greatest numbers of vehicles possible at the highest speed possible within law and maximum safety. The standards used in the design of any highway should be as high as is commensurate with the major control to all future improvement with minimum investment loss.

1.4   ADVANTAGES OF A ROAD TRANSPORTATION

Road is pre-requisite to speed and speed is essential or progress .it is different enumerate all the advantages of roads.

Main advantages of roads

1. Road  facilitate the movement of men and materials from one place to another.

2. Educational contact can be maintained, with the help of good roads

3. Resources of an area are easily tapped and o\improved with the help pf goal network of roads

1. The are essential for the economic prosperity and general development.

2. Road provides a key element of the infrastructure whose function growth usually condensates in areas where transport fatalities are good.

1.4     RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

Reconnaissance survey gives an insight on the nature of work required. It is a rapid examination  of the ground and its adjacent natural features so as to obtain maximum information on the physical condition of the site. it is usually done without instrument to limit the alternative route in terms of constant energy.

1.4.1  CHAIN SURVEY CLINEAR MEASUREMENT

This method employs the use of tape-band for measurement. Linear measurement and it largely depends on the required accuracy. High accuracy may not be achieved.

1.4.2  STATION MARKING

REASONS FOR STATION MARKING

1. To avoid human traffic interference

2. Easy location traffic points for quick survey

3. The point were fixed on a firmly permanent way so that they can be available for letter use, nails were driven to bottle corks which was used to identify chainages.

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Full Project – ROUTE SURVEY AND DESIGN OF PAREMENT OF ROAD