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Full Project – The need for guidance and counselling services among University students

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background to the Study

Education is one of the most important aspect of human life especially in this modern era where educational qualification obtained is inquired of when been considered for a job by employers. Education is no doubt an instrument of change. It is the key to maintaining continued growth. One of the objectives of educational institutions is to produce required manpower for all sectors of the economy and prepare the individual for useful living in the society.

As individuals develop through stages of life and educational attainment, they encounter problems, challenges and conflict situations. These individuals also need to develop value systems, make decisions, set goals and work towards them. All these cannot be achieved without self-understanding and decision-making skills, which are not innate, but need to be developed. The need to address these challenges and to promote educational success and healthy life therefore, call for exposure to guidance and counselling programs by individuals/students. The focus of guidance and counselling in school is to address the needs and concerns of students or learners at different levels of academic or educational development. Braddock (2001), states that the purpose of guidance and counselling in schools is to improve academic achievement, foster positive study attitudes and habit, increase acquisitions and application of conflict resolution skills and decrease school dropouts.

The need to institute counselling programmes in Universities cannot be over emphasized. Traditionally, guidance entails activities designed to induce positive functionalities into abilities, interest, attitudes, aptitudes, and at the same time, turn around weaknesses. Guidance traditionally involves provision of direction or advice as in a decision or course of action, showing the way; setting and helping to drive, lead, assist, pilot and steer ideals into individuals by counselling professionals to enhance the achievement of goals. The need for people to live functional and meaningful lives makes it imperative that guidance and counselling programmes be established.

The school is basically established for instruction and learning, to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in schools it is important that the necessary facilities are put in place. There is need to tailor and restructure the education system to meet the standard desired of it. Research have shown that school facilities have profound impact on students outcome, hence the resources available in schools are assumed to be related to educational setting in order to achieve the necessary academic output.

Government of Nigeria have tried in various ways to improve the quality of education in the country by introducing various policies such as the Nigeria “National Policy on Education” published in 1997, revised in 1981 and 1990. The policy had been revised to ensure that the educational sector is supportive of government development goals. Recent initiatives have also been taken by the government in the funding of education. The FGN/ODA Nigeria Community Education Programmes introduced in 1996. One of the objective of this initiatives are to restructure educational funding arrangement. Alternative sources of funding education have been explored. In 1995 the government established the Education Tax Fund.

Another notable change has been the effort to update the curriculum, a committee for the improvement of the curriculum was also established. The overall responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Education is to ensure quality within the system, to encourage and initiate innovations and to ensure the schools maintain minimum standards of acceptable educational practice. The National Policy on Education has stated that the government will continue to use education as a tool to achieve its national objectives.

For guidance to be meaningful, it, must be seen as a series of programmed activities which help the normal school child to know himself/herself as an individual, become more aware of his/her person. Hence, guidance and counselling play a vital role. The most important outcome of a guidance program is desirable change in the behaviour of students, such as improved school attendance, better study habits, better scholastic achievement, fewer scholastic failures, lower drop-out rate, better educational planning, and better home-school relations. Effective guidance and counselling programs balance corrective, preventive and developmental functions. Thus this study seek to access the need for guidance and counselling services among Nigeria University students.

1.2. Statement of the Research Problem

Every country endeavours to provide quality education for its people, the future of such nation depends largely on it. The educational system of Nigeria is still faced with a lot of problems. Some of the problems include student learning skills, peer influence, low self-esteem among student, learning infrastructure, high level of dropouts among others. The educational sector is responsible for performing several vital works in any economy. The various experts of various fields have to pass through the educational system to become one.

Studies have shown that a strong link exist between school facilities and academic performance. The state of infrastructural facilities in educational institutions of Nigeria today is disheartening. The Federal Government of Nigeria, in its National Policy on Education (2004), has mandated every state to include guidance and counselling programs in the school curriculum. Yet one wonders with dismay the slackness with which universities of Nigeria has taken the implementation of this important education policy. A situation whereby students are not having access to guidance and counselling becomes a problem to the students, teachers, educationist and even parents.

It is against this background that the researcher considered studying the need for guidance and counselling services among Nigeria University students.

1.3. Objectives of the study

The aim of this study was to investigate the need for guidance and counselling services among Nigeria University students. The specific objectives are to:

ascertain the level of provision of guidance and counselling services among Nigeria Universities.
establish the relationship between guidance and counselling and university students’ performance.

1.4. Research Questions

This study will be guided by the following research questions:

What is the level of provision of guidance and counselling services among Nigeria Universities?
What is the relationship between guidance and counselling and university students’ performance?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

The study is guided by this hypothesis:

H₀: there is no relationship between guidance and counselling and

university students’ performance

1.6. Significance of the Study

The critical nature of student performance in particular and the educational sector in general to the success or growth of any economy is given, this is because the level of student performance determines the level of manpower produced in a country. Empirically, this study is carried out to investigate the need for guidance and counselling services among Nigeria University students so as to ameliorate the problems associated with the educational system. This study will be important to the academic sector of the nation, as it will help guide the boards in charge of school management on how it can operate and how it should operate. It will teach it the importance of guidance and counselling in schools.

This study will be of utmost importance to investors, government and the researchers because it will provide policy recommendations to the various Nigeria stakeholders taking adequate measures in educational sector. It is hoped that the exploration of the Nigerian university will provide a broad view of the operations of the educational system to investors and government. It will contribute to existing literature on the subject matter by investigating empirically the role of guidance and counselling on academic successes. This study will be of benefit to;

The Academia: members of the academia will find the study relevant as it will also form basis for further research and a reference tool for academic works.

Government: this study will reveal to the government happenings in the educational sector. Formulation and implementation of policies based on this findings would ensure development in the sector.

Investors: this study shall also be valuable to the investors especially those who may have research interest as it shall guide their private investment decisions.

This study at the end will enlighten the board of educational sector on the implications of guidance and counselling.

1.7. Scope of the Study

This study is intended to investigate the need for guidance and counselling services among Nigeria University students using some selected Nigerian Universities in 2020.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms have been defined operationally.

Guidance: is a process, developmental in nature by which an individual is assisted to understand, accept and utilize his abilities, aptitudes interest and altitudinal patterns in relation to his aspirations.
Counselling: is an interactional process meant to enhance redefinition of stand for positive adjustment on particular issues of life.
School: is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students.
Facility: a place, amenity or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose.
Academic performance: is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution attained their short or long-term educational goals.

1.9. Organization of the Study

This study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is introduction which consists of the background to the study, statement of problem, research questions, research hypotheses, objectives of the study, the significance of the study, the scope and limitations of the study and finally the organization of the study. Chapter two deals with the literature review which consists of the conceptual literature, theoretical literature, empirical literature, theoretical framework. Chapter three gives the research methodology including research design, population of study, sample size, sampling technique, method of data collection, instrument of data analysis, method of data analysis, validity/reliability of instrument. Chapter four is presentation and analysis of data, discussion of findings. Chapter five gives the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

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