Full Project – Understudy of the working principle of 1.5 horse power air conditioner (window unit)

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CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air (Primary temperature and humidity) to more comfortable conditions, typically with the aim of distributing the conditioned air to an occupied space in a building to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. An air conditioner is a device that lowers the air temperature. The cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free cooling is used. Air conditioning system can also be made based on desiccants.

fies the condition of air. However, in construction such as complete system of heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

Window air conditioner is sometimes referred to as room air conditioner as well it is the simplest form of an air conditioning system and is mounted on windows or walls. It is a single unit that is assembled in a casing where all the components are located.

This refrigeration unit has a double shaft fan motor mounted or both sides of the motor, one at the evaporator side and the other at the condenser side. The evaporator side is located facing the room for cooling of the space and the condenser side outdoor for heat rejection. There is an insulated partition separating these two sides within the casing.

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C or air con) is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment typically for human and cooling /dehumidify rooms filled with heat producing by electronics devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and even to display and store some delicate products such as artwork.

The cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation can also be made based on desiccants (chemicals which remove moisture from the air) some AC system reject or store heat in subterranean pipes.

Since prehistoric times, snow and ice were used for cooling and the business harvesting ice during winter and storing for use in summer became popular towards the late 17^th century and this practice was placed by mechanical ice making machines.

Other techniques (medieval Persia) involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool buildings during the hot season.

In the 2^nd century, Chinese mechanical engineer and inventor Ding Huan of the Han Dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning with seven wheels 3 meter (10 feets) in diameter and manually powered by prisoners of the time 747, Emperor Xuanzong (712-762) of the Tang Dynasty (618-907) had the cool Hall Liang Dian built in the imperial palace, Tang Yulin describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains.

In the 17^th century, the Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebbel demonstrated turning summer into water as an early from air conditioning for James 1 of England by adding salt to water. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances was invented and used in 1902 by US inventor Willis Carrier.

The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920’s helped enable the great migration to Sunbelt in the United States.

Maintenance factor are action necessary for retaining a piece of equipment, machine or system to the specified operative condition to achieve it is maximum useful life. It can be seen that researchers and studies of air conditioning constitutes thermal comfort to individuals, have identified air temperature parameters, it is also seen that this parameters needed to control the system functions basically on thermodynamic law and analysis.

There are four basic components of the 1.5HP unit air conditioning system, these are compressor, expansion value and evaporator. If any of these basic components get spoilt the unit air conditioning system will not be efficient.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Indoor climate, once adjusted to human need only by opening of heating in winter and by opening windows or using fans. In summer, is now capable of being varied to meet almost any comfort of industrial demand, anywhere on earth with precise automatic control with the introduction of air conditioner, the indoor air can be controlled through the blowing and sucking surrounding. Thus because of it is comfort to man, need for air conditioning, Engineers, contractors, manufacturers and technicians rising on a daily basis.

Now, consider for a moment the consequences which would result up all air conditioning system were to stop. Not industrial production would be adversely affected and activities involving computers, electronics, air craft precision manufacturing, nuclear power, optic and synthetics. In fact most areas of modern progress would come to a hault.

Today, air conditioner is no longer luxury but an essential part of modern living.

1.3     RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The specific research objectives are to:

1. Understudy the concepts of 1.5Hp of window unit air conditioner
2. Determine each unit of block diagram of the 1.5Hp air conditioner

• Test the working principle of 1.5Hp air conditioner.

1.4     CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

The air conditioner is related to the refrigerator; hence, both used the same principle of the reserved cannot cycle. It is called the reversed cannot cycle, heat is received by the working fluid at a high temperature and rejected at a low temperature. Both processes are isothermal and isentropic processes. In this care, a net amount of positive work is done by the working fluid this is working of teat engines or heat pump or cannot cycle, positive work is done.

But cycles can be formed in which the reversed happens. In this case heat is added or received at low temperature and rejected at a high case temperature. By so doing this, a net amount of negative work is done on the fluid. This for any refrigeration cycle, the process is made to remove heat from a space or substance to reduce its temperature and transferring that to another space or substance.

1.5     LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

The project explored the possibility of under study of the conditioner. There is a lot of limitations concern air conditioner, especially 1.5hp window AC or A/C.

Unit size of window air conditions of 1.5hp should be understand because a general rule of thumb is that units need 20 BTU of capacity for each square  foot of living space being cooled, the height of the room should also considered, the ceilings higher or lower than eight feet can proportionately change the calculation.

There should be consideration for where direct sunlight will be during the hottest part of the day. If units exterior is not shaded the air conditioner, we have to run a longer to compensate for the additional heat.

Since air conditioners run on electricity, all air conditioners consumed more current, the large the unit, the more it will consumed the current.
The cooling cycles extract heat directly from a room and reject it directly to the outside of the building. In that case, they are called air to air conditioner on the basis of the name of the sink (outside air) and source  (indoor air) they use whether the heat is still directly extracted from the room but then rejected at the condenser by other means, these products can be called water to air or evaporative cooled to air conditioners.

1.6     METHODOLOGY

This project contains details of the analysis of the thermal and air flow distribution inside air conditioning and the result of the stimulation of heating load which is one of some components in the air conditioning system. The temperature and air flow were measured and calculated, the convective heat transfer coefficient inside the building. Heating load was stimulated using the result of the measurement and analysis. Finally, results are shown in this result.

1.7     DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Evaporator:

An Evaporator is basically a heat exchanger cool that’s responsible for collecting heat from inside a room through a refrigerant gas. This component is known as the evaporator, and is where the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates to become gas.

• Compressor

As the name clearly signifies, this is where compression of the gaseous refrigerant occurs. It’s located in the outside unit, i.e., the part that’s installed outside the house.

• Expansion valve

Also referred to as the throttling device, the expansion valve is located between the two sets of coils (the chilled coils of the evaporator and the hot coils of the condenser). It keeps tabs on the amount of refrigerant moving towards the evaporator.

• Refrigerant

A substance used in heat cycle that undergoes a phase change between gas and liquid to allow to cool or freezer as in refrigerator, air conditioners etc.

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Full Project – Understudy of the working principle of 1.5 horse power air conditioner (window unit)