Project – The Role of Spiritual Discernment in Christian Decision-Making: A Biblical Study of Guidance by the Holy Spirit

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Decision-making is an unavoidable aspect of human life. Individuals make decisions concerning education, occupation, marriage, relationships, finances, ministry, leadership, residence, friendships and other areas of personal and communal life. For Christians, however, decision-making is not merely a process of evaluating alternatives according to personal preferences, social expectations or material benefits. Christian decision-making is expected to take place within a relationship with God and under the authority of biblical revelation. The Christian therefore seeks not only to ask, “What do I want?” or “What is advantageous to me?” but also, “What is consistent with God’s will, character and purposes?” This makes the question of divine guidance an important subject within Christian theology and spirituality.

The Bible presents God as a God who guides His people. The Old Testament contains numerous accounts in which God directed individuals and communities through commandments, prophetic revelation, wisdom, circumstances and personal encounters. Abraham was called to leave his country and family for a land that God would show him (Gen. 12:1–4). Israel was guided through the wilderness by the pillar of cloud and fire (Exod. 13:21–22). David repeatedly sought divine direction before engaging in military actions (1 Sam. 23:2, 4; 30:8). The wisdom literature also emphasizes dependence upon God rather than autonomous human judgment. Proverbs 3:5–6 instructs believers to trust in the Lord rather than rely exclusively upon their own understanding and promises that God will make their paths straight. Thus, guidance is not an isolated theme in Scripture but forms part of the biblical understanding of the believer’s relationship with God.

The New Testament develops this understanding by giving particular attention to the ministry of the Holy Spirit. Jesus promised His disciples that the Spirit would continue His presence and ministry among them after His departure. In John 14:16–17, Jesus promised “another Advocate,” identified as the Spirit of truth, who would remain with His followers. In John 14:26, the Holy Spirit is described as the one who teaches and reminds believers of what Jesus has taught. John 16:13 is particularly significant for the present study because Jesus describes the Spirit as the “Spirit of truth” who will guide believers into truth. The passage establishes a direct connection between the ministry of the Holy Spirit and divine guidance.

The role of the Holy Spirit in Christian guidance must therefore be understood within the broader biblical doctrine of the Spirit. Gordon D. Fee’s extensive study of Pauline pneumatology emphasizes the centrality of the Spirit to Christian existence and the life of the early church. Fee’s God’s Empowering Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Letters of Paul is a major scholarly treatment of the subject, examining the Holy Spirit throughout Paul’s letters and presenting the Spirit as integral to Christian life rather than as an optional dimension of Christianity (Fee, 1994). The work was published by Hendrickson Publishers and contains extensive bibliographical and exegetical material on Paul’s teaching concerning the Spirit.

Paul’s writings particularly demonstrate that life under the direction of the Spirit is connected with Christian conduct and ethical transformation. Romans 8:5–14 contrasts life according to the flesh with life according to the Spirit and identifies those who are led by the Spirit of God as God’s children. Galatians 5:16–25 similarly calls believers to “walk by the Spirit” and presents the fruit of the Spirit as evidence of a life increasingly shaped by the Spirit. Consequently, spiritual guidance should not be reduced to receiving supernatural information about future events or obtaining instantaneous answers to difficult questions. Biblical guidance is also concerned with the formation of character, obedience to God and conformity to Christ.

This distinction is important because contemporary Christian discussions sometimes equate spiritual guidance with extraordinary experiences. Some believers may expect guidance to come through dreams, visions, prophetic declarations, unusual coincidences, inner voices, signs or strong emotional impressions. While Scripture records instances of dreams, visions, prophecy and other extraordinary means of divine communication, it does not encourage believers to treat every internal impression or unusual event as a divine message. The New Testament instead repeatedly emphasizes testing, wisdom, truth and discernment. First John 4:1 instructs believers to “test the spirits” because false prophets exist. First Thessalonians 5:19–22 similarly encourages believers not to despise prophecy but to test everything and hold firmly to what is good. These passages demonstrate that spiritual openness must be accompanied by spiritual discernment.

Spiritual discernment can therefore be understood as the capacity to recognize, evaluate and respond appropriately to what is consistent with God’s truth and purposes. It involves distinguishing between what is of God and what is not of God, between godly wisdom and human preference, and between genuine spiritual prompting and personal desire. Discernment is consequently broader than simply receiving guidance. Guidance concerns God’s direction, whereas discernment involves the believer’s capacity to recognize and evaluate that direction faithfully. Elizabeth Liebert’s work on discernment presents discernment as a spiritual practice connected with decision-making and the cultivation of attentiveness to God. Her The Way of Discernment: Spiritual Practices for Decision Making specifically examines discernment in relation to decision-making and spiritual practices.

Christian discernment also requires a proper understanding of the relationship between the Holy Spirit and Scripture. The Holy Spirit who guides believers is the same Spirit who inspired the biblical writers and who leads believers into conformity with the truth revealed in Scripture. Therefore, a supposed leading that directly contradicts biblical teaching cannot reasonably be accepted as guidance from the Holy Spirit. Jesus’ description of the Spirit as the “Spirit of truth” is particularly significant in this regard. John 16:13 does not present the Spirit as an agent of arbitrary personal preference; rather, the Spirit guides into truth and glorifies Christ (John 16:13–14).

Anthony C. Thiselton’s comprehensive study of the Holy Spirit similarly demonstrates the breadth of biblical, historical and contemporary reflection concerning the Spirit. His The Holy Spirit—In Biblical Teaching, Through the Centuries, and Today examines biblical teaching about the Spirit alongside historical and contemporary theological discussions, including issues relating to spiritual gifts, prophecy, worship and Christian life (Thiselton, 2013). The work was published by William B. Eerdmans and provides a substantial scholarly treatment of pneumatology.

The New Testament also demonstrates that guidance by the Spirit can occur within the context of communal Christian life. The early church did not understand spiritual guidance as exclusively private. In Acts 13:1–4, the church at Antioch worshipped and fasted, and the Holy Spirit directed the community to set apart Barnabas and Saul for missionary work. In Acts 15, the Jerusalem Council engaged Scripture, testimony, reasoning and communal deliberation before reaching a decision, eventually stating, “It seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us” (Acts 15:28). These accounts suggest that Christian discernment can involve prayer, Scripture, spiritual gifts, community, wise deliberation and responsiveness to the Spirit.

The importance of community is particularly relevant because individuals can misinterpret their own desires as divine direction. A person may desire a particular relationship, position, ministry opportunity or financial outcome and subsequently interpret that desire as “God’s leading.” Emotional intensity can also be mistaken for spiritual certainty. Christian discernment therefore requires humility and willingness to test one’s perceptions. Proverbs 11:14 emphasizes the value of counsel, while Proverbs 15:22 observes that plans are established through counsel. Similarly, the New Testament encourages believers to value wisdom within the body of Christ.

The issue of guidance has generated significant discussion within Christian theology. Some Christian approaches emphasize the importance of discerning God’s specific direction in individual circumstances, while other approaches caution against an excessive search for a hidden or individualized will of God behind every decision. Garry Friesen’s Decision Making and the Will of God: A Biblical Alternative to the Traditional View represents an important contribution to this discussion. Friesen examines the traditional approach to discovering God’s will and proposes a biblical framework for Christian decision-making. The work addresses practical decisions such as career, relationships and other major life choices.

Dallas Willard likewise addresses the subject of divine guidance in Hearing God: Developing a Conversational Relationship with God. Willard argues that the Christian’s concern with hearing God should be understood within the larger context of an ongoing relationship with God rather than merely as a technique for obtaining answers to isolated decisions. The book discusses the difficulty of distinguishing divine communication from one’s own thoughts and emphasizes the development of a relationship in which believers become increasingly attentive to God. The current edition was published by InterVarsity Press and builds on Willard’s earlier work on guidance.

These discussions demonstrate that Christian decision-making involves both theological and practical questions. The theological question concerns how God guides His people and the role of the Holy Spirit in that process. The practical question concerns how believers can recognize and respond to such guidance responsibly. The two questions cannot be separated. A theology of guidance that does not provide a framework for discernment may leave believers vulnerable to subjective interpretations, while a decision-making model that ignores the Holy Spirit may fail to account for an important dimension of Christian spirituality.

The concept of spiritual discernment is particularly important in a contemporary environment characterized by an abundance of competing voices. Christians are exposed to teachings through churches, social media, television, books, podcasts, online prophets, motivational speakers and other religious platforms. Some teachings are biblically sound, while others may contain serious theological distortions. The ability to distinguish truth from error has therefore become increasingly important. The believer requires more than religious enthusiasm; there is a need for biblical knowledge, spiritual maturity and discernment.

The challenge is further intensified by the popularity of claims such as “God told me,” “the Holy Spirit said,” or “I received a revelation.” Such statements can carry considerable authority within Christian communities. When they are genuine, they may encourage faith and obedience. However, when such claims are based on personal desires, manipulation, misunderstanding or false spiritual authority, they may lead people into harmful decisions. A responsible biblical study must therefore investigate how spiritual claims should be tested rather than simply assuming that every claim of divine guidance is authentic.

The Bible provides several principles that can contribute to such testing. First, guidance must be consistent with God’s revealed truth (Isa. 8:20; 2 Tim. 3:16–17). Second, believers are encouraged to develop transformed minds capable of discerning God’s will (Rom. 12:1–2). Third, wisdom is associated with spiritual maturity (Heb. 5:14). Fourth, the fruit produced by a person’s life provides an important indicator of character and spiritual authenticity (Matt. 7:15–20; Gal. 5:22–23). Fifth, believers are called to exercise discernment within Christian community (1 Cor. 14:29; Acts 15:28). Sixth, prayer is an important context in which believers seek God’s wisdom (Phil. 4:6–7; Jas. 1:5).

Romans 12:2 is especially important because it links the transformation of the mind with the ability to discern God’s will. Paul urges believers not to conform to the pattern of the world but to be transformed by the renewing of their minds so that they may discern what is good, acceptable and perfect. This suggests that discernment is not merely a supernatural capacity detached from Christian character. It develops within a life progressively shaped by God. The believer’s desires, thinking, values and judgments must increasingly be transformed by the gospel.

Similarly, James 1:5 teaches that believers who lack wisdom should ask God, who gives generously. This establishes wisdom-seeking as an appropriate response to uncertainty. Christian decision-making, therefore, should not be characterized by fear or impulsiveness. It should involve prayerful dependence on God, careful consideration of biblical principles and willingness to receive wisdom through appropriate means.

The ministry of the Holy Spirit is central to this process. The Spirit enables believers to understand spiritual realities, empowers Christian living and bears witness to Christ. Paul teaches that believers who are indwelt by the Spirit belong to Christ (Rom. 8:9), and that the Spirit searches and reveals the things of God (1 Cor. 2:10–12). Max Turner’s scholarly study of the Holy Spirit and spiritual gifts also demonstrates the importance of understanding the Spirit’s work within New Testament Christianity and the contemporary church (Turner, 1996). His work, originally published by Paternoster, focuses on the Holy Spirit and spiritual gifts in the New Testament church and their significance for Christian life.

Spiritual discernment must also be distinguished from mere intuition. Human beings possess cognitive and emotional capacities that enable them to make judgments based on experience and observation. Such capacities may be useful, but Christian discernment involves more than natural intuition. At the same time, discernment should not be understood as irrationality. Biblical Christianity does not require believers to abandon reason. Rather, faith, Scripture, wisdom, prayer, community and the work of the Spirit can operate together in responsible decision-making. This balanced approach avoids two extremes: reducing Christian decisions to secular rationalism on one hand, and treating every strong feeling as divine revelation on the other.

The relationship between the Holy Spirit and human responsibility is also significant. Guidance by the Spirit does not eliminate the responsibility of believers to think, evaluate, pray and choose. The biblical examples of Christian decision-making often involve active human participation. The apostles reasoned from Scripture, consulted one another, prayed, considered circumstances and acted. Paul made missionary plans while remaining responsive to the Spirit’s redirection (Acts 16:6–10). Thus, spiritual guidance should not be interpreted as passive waiting for supernatural instructions before making any decision.

The question of Christian freedom is also relevant. Not every decision has to be accompanied by a dramatic supernatural experience. Scripture provides moral boundaries and wisdom principles within which believers can exercise responsible freedom. Friesen’s discussion is relevant here because he challenges Christians to think carefully about the relationship between God’s will and everyday decisions rather than assuming that every choice requires a hidden divine answer.

Nevertheless, the existence of Christian freedom does not make the ministry of the Holy Spirit irrelevant. The Spirit continues to shape believers, convict them, guide them, empower them and assist them in living faithfully. John 16:13 remains foundational because Jesus explicitly connects the Spirit with guidance into truth. The task of theological study is therefore not to choose between human reasoning and spiritual guidance but to investigate how biblical Christianity integrates the two.

Against this background, the present study focuses on the role of spiritual discernment in Christian decision-making, with particular attention to biblical teaching on guidance by the Holy Spirit. The study seeks to examine the biblical foundations of spiritual discernment, the ministry of the Holy Spirit in guidance, the relationship between Scripture and spiritual leading, the dangers of subjective or false guidance, and the principles by which Christians can responsibly discern God’s direction in decision-making.

The subject is important because Christian decision-making has consequences not only for individual believers but also for families, churches and ministries. Poorly discerned decisions can produce relational difficulties, financial losses, ministry conflicts and spiritual confusion. Conversely, decisions characterized by prayer, biblical wisdom, spiritual maturity and genuine responsiveness to the Holy Spirit can contribute to faithful Christian living and effective ministry. A biblical study of spiritual discernment can therefore provide a theological framework for Christians seeking to make decisions that honor God.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Decision-making is an essential part of Christian life, yet many believers experience uncertainty about how to determine God’s direction for their lives. Questions concerning marriage, career, education, ministry, relocation, business, relationships, church leadership and financial commitments often require difficult choices. Christians may sincerely desire to follow God’s will but remain uncertain about how God’s guidance should be recognized. This uncertainty has created a continuing need for a biblically grounded understanding of spiritual discernment.

One major problem is the tendency to identify spiritual guidance primarily with subjective experiences. Some Christians assume that a strong feeling, dream, vision, unusual circumstance, repeated thought or emotional sense of peace must necessarily be the voice of the Holy Spirit. While Scripture recognizes various forms of divine communication, it also commands believers to test spiritual claims. First John 4:1 explicitly warns believers not to believe every spirit but to test the spirits. Therefore, the assumption that every spiritual impression is divine creates the possibility of error.

A related problem is the misuse of the phrase “the Holy Spirit told me.” Because such statements appeal to divine authority, other Christians may feel unable to question them. This can create an environment in which personal preferences are presented as God’s commands. In some circumstances, spiritual language may be used to influence relationships, financial decisions, ministry appointments or other important choices without adequate biblical or communal examination. The problem is not simply that Christians claim to experience spiritual guidance; rather, the problem is the absence of adequate discernment for determining whether a perceived leading is genuinely consistent with the Holy Spirit’s ministry.

Another problem concerns inadequate biblical knowledge. Some believers seek guidance while having limited understanding of Scripture. This can make them vulnerable to interpreting isolated verses as personal instructions without considering literary, historical and theological context. A verse may be quoted to justify a decision even when the passage does not address the situation in question. Since the Holy Spirit is presented in Scripture as the Spirit of truth, a serious Christian approach to guidance must consider the relationship between the Spirit and the whole counsel of Scripture.

There is also the problem of confusing God’s guidance with personal desire. Human beings naturally have preferences, ambitions, fears and expectations. A person who strongly desires a particular job, relationship, position or financial opportunity may interpret that desire as divine direction. Conversely, fear or disappointment may be interpreted as evidence that God is closing a door. Without discernment, personal emotions can become indistinguishable from perceived spiritual leading. Willard’s discussion of hearing God recognizes the difficulty of distinguishing what believers perceive as God’s communication from their own internal thoughts and emphasizes the importance of developing a mature relationship with God rather than relying on isolated impressions (Willard, 2021).

A further problem is the tendency to neglect wisdom and rational evaluation in the name of spirituality. Some Christians may believe that carefully examining evidence, seeking counsel or considering consequences demonstrates a lack of faith. Such an approach can produce irresponsible decisions. The biblical tradition, however, contains repeated encouragements toward wisdom, counsel, testing and careful judgment. Christian discernment should therefore not oppose responsible thinking but should integrate spiritual sensitivity with biblical wisdom.

Another challenge is the opposite extreme: depending entirely on human reasoning while giving insufficient attention to the Holy Spirit. Contemporary decision-making may emphasize personal success, financial advantage, social approval and individual preference. When these considerations become the only criteria, the distinctive Christian dimension of decision-making may be lost. Christian decisions are ultimately expected to reflect obedience to God, love for others, conformity to Christ and the purposes of God’s kingdom.

The problem is also evident at the level of Christian communities. Churches and ministries may face decisions about leadership, evangelism, missions, finances, programmes and doctrinal matters. The New Testament provides examples of communities seeking the Spirit’s direction through prayer, fasting, Scripture, spiritual gifts and communal deliberation (Acts 13:1–4; 15:1–29). Yet contemporary Christian practice may sometimes place excessive emphasis on the pronouncement of a single leader rather than communal discernment and biblical examination. This raises questions about how the authority of spiritual leaders should relate to the responsibility of the wider Christian community to test and discern.

The problem is further complicated by differing Christian interpretations of God’s will. Some believers have been taught that God has a specific predetermined choice for every decision and that failure to identify that precise choice means missing God’s will. Others emphasize biblical principles, Christian freedom and wise decision-making rather than seeking a hidden answer to every personal question. Friesen’s work illustrates the significance of this theological debate by examining the traditional understanding of discovering God’s will and proposing an alternative biblical framework for decision-making.

There is therefore a need for a careful biblical examination of spiritual discernment that avoids both excessive subjectivism and an overly rationalistic approach. Such a study must ask how the Holy Spirit guides believers, how Scripture functions in discernment, how prayer and Christian community contribute to decision-making, how spiritual impressions should be tested, and how believers can distinguish genuine spiritual guidance from personal desire, cultural pressure or misleading spiritual claims.

The central problem addressed by this study is therefore the uncertainty and confusion surrounding the recognition and evaluation of the Holy Spirit’s guidance in Christian decision-making. Although the Bible affirms the Spirit’s role in guiding God’s people, Christians may differ substantially in how they understand and practice that guidance. The study consequently seeks to provide a biblical framework for understanding spiritual discernment and its appropriate role in Christian decision-making.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

The general purpose of this study is to examine the role of spiritual discernment in Christian decision-making from a biblical perspective, with particular attention to guidance by the Holy Spirit.

Specifically, the study seeks to:

1. examine the biblical concept of spiritual discernment;
2. examine the biblical teaching concerning the Holy Spirit as a guide for believers;
3. investigate the relationship between Scripture and guidance by the Holy Spirit;
4. examine the role of prayer, wisdom and Christian community in spiritual discernment;

1.4 Research Questions

The study will be guided by the following research questions:

1. What is the biblical meaning and nature of spiritual discernment?
2. What does the Bible teach concerning the role of the Holy Spirit in guiding believers?
3. What relationship exists between Scripture and guidance by the Holy Spirit?
4. What roles do prayer, wisdom and Christian community play in spiritual discernment?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study will be significant to Christians who desire to make decisions consistent with God’s will. By examining spiritual discernment from a biblical perspective, the study will provide a framework for distinguishing genuine spiritual guidance from personal desires, emotional reactions and untested spiritual claims.

The study will also be useful to pastors and Christian ministers. Ministers frequently counsel believers concerning marriage, ministry, vocation, relationships and other major life decisions. A clearer understanding of biblical discernment can assist ministers in providing guidance that is grounded in Scripture rather than personal preference.

The study will be significant to theological students and Bible school students because it brings together biblical teaching on the Holy Spirit, guidance, wisdom and decision-making. It can serve as a resource for further theological reflection on pneumatology and Christian spirituality.

Church leaders may also benefit from the study in developing healthier approaches to corporate discernment. The New Testament examples of Antioch and Jerusalem demonstrate that important decisions can involve prayer, fasting, Scripture, spiritual leadership, communal deliberation and responsiveness to the Holy Spirit. Consequently, the study can encourage churches to develop practices of discernment that are biblical, accountable and spiritually mature.

The study will further contribute to Christian education by emphasizing the need for believers to develop spiritual maturity rather than merely seeking supernatural signs. Hebrews 5:14 associates maturity with the capacity to distinguish good from evil, while Romans 12:2 connects transformation with the ability to discern God’s will. The study therefore emphasizes discernment as part of Christian formation.

Finally, the study will contribute to academic discussions concerning Christian decision-making and divine guidance. Existing works by scholars and Christian thinkers such as Fee, Thiselton, Turner, Friesen, Willard and Liebert demonstrate the continuing importance of the subject. The present study brings these discussions into a focused biblical investigation of spiritual discernment and the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study is limited to a biblical examination of spiritual discernment and Christian decision-making, particularly the role of the Holy Spirit in guiding believers. The study will focus primarily on relevant Old and New Testament passages concerning divine guidance, wisdom, discernment, the Holy Spirit, prayer, Christian community and decision-making.

Particular attention will be given to passages such as Proverbs 3:5–6; Isaiah 30:21; John 14:16–17, 26; John 16:7–15; Acts 13:1–4; Acts 15:1–29; Romans 8:1–17; Romans 12:1–2; 1 Corinthians 2:10–16; Galatians 5:16–25; Philippians 1:9–10; Colossians 1:9–10; 1 Thessalonians 5:19–22; Hebrews 5:14; James 1:5; and 1 John 4:1–6.

The study does not attempt to provide an exhaustive treatment of every doctrine concerning the Holy Spirit, such as baptism in the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues, healing, prophecy or spiritual gifts. Such subjects will be considered only where they directly relate to discernment and guidance. The focus is on how believers can understand and evaluate perceived divine direction in making decisions.

1.7 Methodological Orientation

The study will employ a qualitative biblical-theological approach. Relevant biblical texts will be examined in their literary and theological contexts, with attention to recurring biblical themes relating to the Holy Spirit, wisdom, guidance, discernment and decision-making.

The study will also engage selected theological literature on the Holy Spirit and Christian discernment. Works by Gordon D. Fee, Anthony C. Thiselton, Max Turner, Dallas Willard, Garry Friesen and Elizabeth Liebert will provide supplementary theological and conceptual perspectives. Fee’s work provides extensive treatment of the Holy Spirit in Paul’s letters, while Thiselton provides a broad biblical, historical and contemporary treatment of pneumatology.

The study will not use a statistical hypothesis because it is a biblical/theological study rather than an empirical quantitative investigation. Consequently, no research hypothesis is proposed.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Christian Decision-Making: The process through which a Christian evaluates alternatives and chooses a course of action in a manner intended to be consistent with biblical principles, Christian wisdom and God’s purposes.

Discernment: The spiritual and practical capacity to distinguish between what is true and false, wise and unwise, godly and ungodly, and to recognize what is consistent with God’s revealed purposes.

Divine Guidance: God’s direction of His people toward actions, attitudes or decisions that correspond with His revealed will and purposes.

Holy Spirit: The third person of the Trinity who is presented in Scripture as divine, personal and active in creation, revelation, regeneration, sanctification, empowerment, guidance and the life of the church.

Spiritual Discernment: The process by which believers prayerfully and biblically evaluate thoughts, desires, circumstances, teachings, spiritual claims and possible courses of action in order to determine what is consistent with God’s truth and purposes.

Christian Decision-Making: The exercise of responsible human choice within the framework of Christian faith, biblical revelation, prayer, wisdom and sensitivity to the Holy Spirit.

Guidance by the Holy Spirit: The Spirit’s work of directing, illuminating, convicting, empowering and shaping believers toward truth, obedience to God and conformity to Christ.

Spiritual Maturity: The progressive development of Christian character, biblical understanding, wisdom and obedience through which believers become increasingly capable of distinguishing what is consistent with God’s will.

Biblical Discernment: Discernment that is tested and evaluated in relation to the teaching, principles, narrative and overall witness of Scripture.

1.9 Organization of the Study

The study will be organized into five chapters. Chapter One presents the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, research questions, significance, scope, methodological orientation and operational definition of terms.

Chapter Two will examine the relevant literature and biblical/theological perspectives concerning spiritual discernment, the Holy Spirit, divine guidance, Christian decision-making, Scripture, prayer, wisdom and communal discernment.

Chapter Three will discuss the research methodology and the approach used for the biblical and theological investigation.

Chapter Four will present the analysis and discussion of relevant biblical passages and theological themes concerning spiritual discernment and guidance by the Holy Spirit.

Chapter Five will present the summary, conclusion and recommendations arising from the study.

Project – The Role of Spiritual Discernment in Christian Decision-Making: A Biblical Study of Guidance by the Holy Spirit