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Full Project – INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN UKWA WEST EDUCATION ZONE ABIA STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Instructional material is crucial to learning processes. A dedicated classroom teacher feels satisfied when he realizes the objectives he has set out to achieve for every lesson. In order to achieve this, a trained teacher employs a number o methods, design and actions, one o which includes the use of instructional material. Instructional materials are referred to as the source which both the teachers and students use for the purpose of effective teaching and learning. Okwo (1996) defined instructional materials as those materials that teachers can use in teaching to facilitate the learning of a particular subject or lesson.

Economic as a subject came into, existence since 1776 via the publication of Adam smith the protagonist o the classical school of thought, and since then it has assumed many roles especially in both political and educational circles. Economic is an important subject that must be credited by students before gaining admission into any tertiary institution especially the university to study relevant courses like Accountancy, Business Administration, and insurance etc. the importance and technicality of this subject makes it necessary that relevant courses like Accountancy, Business Administration, and insurance etc. the importance and technicality of this subject makes it necessary that relevant instructional materials should be used to teach. This fact is supported by Macaulay (1998) who asserts that visual aids make lesson come alive and helps students to learn better. It is against this background that this study attempts to examine the extent to which the effect of instructional materials could advance senior secondary school students performance in Economics.

Poor academic achievements in Economic could be attributed to many factors among which teachers strategy itself was considered as an important factor. This implies that the mastery o economics concepts might not be fully achieved without the use instructional material. The learning of economics without the use of instructional materials may certainly result in poor academic achievement. Franzer Okebukola and Jegede (1992) stressed that a professionally qualified science teacher no matter how well trained will unable to put his ideas into practice I the school settings lacks the equipment and materials necessary for him or her to translate his competence into reality.

Bassey (2002) opined that science is resource intensive, and in such a period of economic recession, it may be very difficult to find some of the electronic gadgets and equipment for the learning of economics in schools adequately. A situation that is further compounded by the galloping inflation in the country and at times some of the imported sophisticated materials and equipment are found expensive and irrelevant, hence the need to produce materials locally. Researchers such as Obioha (2006) and Ogunleye (2002) reported that there were inadequate resources for teaching science subjects in secondary schools in Nigeria. They further stated that the available ones are not usually in good conditions. There is the need therefore for improvisation. Adebimpe (1997) and Daramola (2008) however noted that improvisation demands adventure, creativity, curiosity, and perseverance on the part of the teacher, such skills are only realizable through well planned training programme on improvisation.

In Nigeria, for example experience has shown that spoken morals alone in the communication of idea are grossly ineffective and inefficient in producing desired learning outcomes. Abdu-Raheem (2011) in her work asserted that non –availability and inadequacy of (IM) are major cause of ineffectiveness of the school system and poor performance of students in school. Ogbonna (2014) observed in his research that there are lot of factors imitating against the effective learning of economics in secondary schools which includes lack of instructional materials, poor methodology of teaching, attitude and interest of the students in learning of economics. According to Adeniyi (2000), the effect of instructional materials to communicate more permanently, health related issues and information is retained when supplemented with aid; certainly instructional materials when carefully selected and skilfully used will make learning more effective. Therefore it becomes necessary to investigate the effect of instructional materials in learning of economics. Using secondary schools in Ukwa West education zone as a case study.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In Nigeria, despite the high allocation of government funds to secondary schools, special training of teachers, provision of learning resources (i.e in structural materials) all these are not fully influenced the learning of economics in seniors secondary schools. For instance, using Ukwa West education zone as an example, experiences has shows that spoken words alone in teaching are grossly inefficient in producing desired learning outcomes. Every year, when the results of public examination are released, there has always been mass failure in economics. The reason for this could be the fact that there are some topics in economics that pose serious problem of comprehension to students. Topics like; Theory of cost money, utility theory, price/market system, indifferent cure theory, international trade and so on.

These topics cannot be taught effectively without the use of instructional materials like chart, maps, flannel, realia (like coins, bank notes of various denomination, teller machines (ATM), cheques, etc), internet, etc. To influence the students and make the learning practical. On the foregoing, scholars like Mutebi and Matona (1994) have emphasized the influence of instructional materials utilization on learning. According to them, we learn and remember 10% of what we hear, 40% of what we discuss with others and as high as 80% of what we experience directly or practice. In order to improve the academic performance of students in learning economics, the following where we have questions arises as the problem which needs to be tackled within this project work:

- Research Questions

In order to adhere to the purpose of this study, the following research questions were raised:

Will the use of instructional materials influence the learning of Economics in Senior Secondary School in Ogbomosho?
What is perceived influence of instructional materials on learning of economic in Ukwa West education zone, based on student’s genders?
What is the perceived influence of instructional materials on learning of economics in Ukwa West education zone, based on student’s school locations?

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Full Project – INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN UKWA WEST EDUCATION ZONE ABIA STATE

Click here to Get The Complete Research Project Chapter 1-5

Full Project – INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN UKWA WEST EDUCATION ZONE ABIA STATE

Full Project – INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN UKWA WEST EDUCATION ZONE ABIA STATE

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